On November 3, 1959, The New York Times published an advertisement containing alien characters next to the report on the defection of Lee Harvey Oswald.

"Families that spy together stay together." - An Oswald traveler.

Enactment of national security legislation was easy. Implementation proved difficult and took decades.

Rigorous analysis by a few members of the Photographic Panel has elevated the debate surrounding the backyard photos from politics to science.

A technologist examines the Zapruder film from a physical point of view.

We examine the frequently overlooked technical details of the assassination of President Kennedy.

Testing of Oswald's cheek cast by nuclear activation discredited earlier findings by the Dallas Police and suggested the department had planted evidence.

The acoustic evidence presents a fine example of an enigma wrapped in a mystery and sustained for a quarter-century by an indifference to technology.

WCwitnesses.htm highlights the names of witnesses whose last names begin with the entered letters. Clicking on any name displays the associated document or testimony in a subwindow.

NumberedExhibits.htm searches the descriptions of exhibits with numbers for entered words and highlights all matches. Four links enable the user to step from one match to another. Clicking on any numbered link displays the document in a subwindow.

NamedExhibits.htm searches the descriptions of exhibits with names for entered words and highlights all matches. Four links enable the user to step from one match to another. Clicking on any named link displays the document in a subwindow.

HouseHearings.htm searches the index of public HSCA hearings for entered words and highlights all matches. Four links enable the user to step from one match to another. Clicking on any link displays the document in a subwindow.

DallasArchives.htm searches the Archives of Dallas for entered words and highlights all matches. Four buttons enable the user to step from one match to another. Clicking on any link displays the document in a subwindow.

Analysis of signals from the Dictabelt resolves a puzzling history of the acoustic evidence.

The loud brieftone that accompanied the Channel-II broadcast by Sergeant Bellah and its crosstalk onto Channel-I provides an unique opportunity to test the hypothesis of frequency compression that underlies the crosstalk analysis.

For decades students of the acoustic evidence have suspected that the crosstalk and tones became imprinted upon a dictabelt during copying a tape of the historic Dictabelt. Surprisingly, the NAS published clear and irrefutable evidence that they found the alleged Decker crosstalk on tape of a recopied dictabelt.

An unobvious characteristic of hearing caused many ear witnesses in Dealey Plaza to perceive echoes instead of the direct sounds of gunfire.

Many people assume that a motorcycle engine caused the background noise transmitted by the open microphone. An examination of the evidence shows these assumptions are without foundation. In fact the solitary analysis of the interference failed to detect engine sounds.

Engineers design two-way police radios for simultaneous operation with sirens.

On a single time scale an oscillograph lacks sufficient resolution to display the essential characteristics of human speech. When an oscillograph shows the intelligible portions of speech, it distorts the vocal characteristics. Under these conditions insufficient resolution produces the illusion that voice is a series of pulses. At the opposite extreme, magnifying the time scale to show vocal characteristics hides the slow changes that contain the intelligible speech.

The Ramsey Panel and the Watson Research Center used constant amplitude signals called brieftones from Channel-II to measure effect of heterodynes upon the gain of the Channel-I receiver. Spectral analysis shows both organizations misidentified Channel-II heterodynes as brieftones.

Analysis of the signals on the historic Dictabelt suggests that a studio added the acoustic signature of gunfire to distract researchers from the overwhelming strong evidence that a jammer was the source of the loud interference.

The loud brieftone that accompanied the Bellah crosstalk provides an opportunity to measure how Channel-I would have reproduced the brieftone that accompanied the Channel-II Decker broadcast.

Congress chartered the National Research Council as a private and nonprofit institution to advise the federal government on issues of science, technology and health.

Had Oswald known the full contents of the backyard photos, he would not have committed political suicide by sending the pictures to New York City.

Firearms and cameras are mechanisms whose signatures have repeatable characteristics and minor variations.

An enlargement of a backyard photo proves someone withheld evidence.

Source: Volume VI of the HOUSE SELECT COMMITTEE ON ASSASSINATIONS.

Scratch marks in precisely the same location on all backyard photo materials provide evidence of fakery.

A comparison between the backyard photos with the expected knowledge of an ideological defector reveals serious problems.

The photographic panel put salesmanship ahead of scholarship and replaced analysis by synthesis.

An exceptional listing in a New York City phone directory suggests some Oswalds engaged in esoteric activities during the early sixties.

During the Second World War, some spooks stole ill-gotten intelligence files and setup their own dirty little company.

Did New York City Oswalds entangle Lee Harvey Oswald in their schemes? They had the inclination and opportunity.

The public housing projects of New York City were training grounds for spies. A disproportionate number of former public housing tenants moved to private homes near public schools. Apparently these people belonged to the internal security apparatus.

Generally the telephone company deactivated a discontinued phone number for many years. This practice reduced refunds for calls placed to wrong numbers. Some people, however, found special uses for recently reissued numbers.

The building boom of the early fifties attracted newcomers to Queens County. In 1953, the military-industrial complex moved to Jackson Heights.

Historians acknowledge that Victor Clemente was the principal defendant in the longest criminal trial. A closer examination of the records show Vincent Clemente was the subject of a reluctant and ineffective prosecution.

Bitterness of the dispute between James A. Lundy and his Democratic rivals shows more than partisan politics drove events.

More than a housing development, Garden Bay Manor was a symbol of recovery from depression. Sponsors promoted the development as testament to the wisdom of New Deal polices. Not surprisingly, Garden Bay Manor attracted leading Democrats as tenants.

As District Attorney of Queens County, T. Vincent Quinn was the victim of extraordinary pressures from the Federal Government.

The Queens County sewer scandals of the early fifties concealed a deeper conflict. By 1960, evidence linked the principal parties in these scandals to public housing spies.

An analysis of the deflection of a bullet by an obstacle has produced the following results. This analysis, which is discussed later, assumes the obstacle can provide sufficient deflecting force and the bullet deflects without fragmentation.

Scientists at the Edgewood arsenal fired bullets from the MC rifle directly into obstacles simulating the neck of President Kennedy and Governor Connally's chest and wrist. They found that the simulations of Connally's chest and wrist deformed the test bullets to a greater extent than CE 399 and concluded that CE 399 lost speed while transiting an obstacle before striking Connally. In support of this obvious conclusion these experiments provided data to test the yaw explanation of the size of Connally's back wound.

To tumble or not to tumble was never part of the tumble theory critique. Critics based their objections on the acceleration problem.

In 1964, a riddle circulated within the technical community. They asked, "What happens to a fast moving bullet?" Their punch line was, "Very, very little!"

Commander Humes placed indispensable forensic evidence into the official record. He described the bullet holes of entry as ovals, enumerated the lengths of both axes, reported orientations of the longer axes referenced to the vertical column and specified locations of each hole relative to anatomic features. This forensic information was sufficient to test the compatibility of the medical with the ballistic, eyewitness and the motion picture evidence.

Many people believe a positive result on the Paraffin test shows presence of Nitrates.

The FBI failed to determine whether accident or intent contaminated evidence against Oswald.

A detailed examination of anomalies in an article on Lee Harvey Oswald and an adjacent advertisement show Nat Sherman intentionally included the irregularities in his ad.

Robert E. Webster represented a plastics manufacturer at a trade show in Moscow during 1959. He met a woman named Vera and starting dating her. After the show ended, Mr. Webster defected to the Soviet Union.

The overturn of the convictions in the Prague trial of 1952 by the Czechoslovak Government sent a clear signal to the Kennedy administration that a relaxation of tensions in the cold war was possible.

The appearance of intrigue surrounding the reported defection of Lee Harvey Oswald suggests many possibilities.

Nat Sherman had a special interest in the Rosenberg case of 1950-1953 and the Prague trial of 1951-1952. We find many coincidences of erroneous Nat Sherman' advertisements with articles on these spy trials. More significantly, Nat Sherman published an encrypted message on the same day as the doomsday article on the Rosenbergs.

Aline Mosby interviewed Lee Oswald in Moscow probably on November 13, 1959. Oswald said: "I'm a Marxist, ... I became interested about the age of 15. From an ideological viewpoint. An old lady handed me a pamphlet about saving the Rosenbergs... I looked at that paper and I still remember it for some reason, I don't know why."

When President Kennedy's head snaps forward, Toni Foster takes one step backward.

A bullet wounding the right side of Kennedy's head would have produced spinning that is clearly absent from the Zapruder film.

Two frames of the Zapruder film show an uncharacteristic movement of President Kennedy and the eruption of tissues from the right front of his head. These frames are Z330 and Z331.

Dr. Carrico was the first Parkland physician to examine President Kennedy.

Too often people ignore blurred frames of the Zapruder film. By recognizing the characteristics of various blurs they can obtain valuable information. In fact a blur caused by a rapidly moving object conveys more information than a clear frame.

A frame-by-frame analysis of Kennedy's mechanical reactions to the fatal shot reveals details missed by viewing the motion picture.

The overlay method adjusts the position of one frame relative to another. Four buttons, Left, Right, Up and Down, enable the viewer to eliminate apparent motion caused by panning errors. Once properly aligned, successive frames show small changes in the size of objects due to their varying distances from the camera.

Track One - 7.25 MB

A rented Dictaphone, whose speed differed by about five percent from the speed of the historic Dictaphone, produced the audio for track one. This tape was the principal source for analysis by James C. Barger.

This zip file contains a full length recording of track one, track1.wav - 5.31 MB, for listening and a folder, dicer1 - 5.42 MB, with 331 subfiles of track1.wav for computerized analysis.

Track Two - 5.19 MB

James C. Bowles ran out of tape while recording a playing of Audograph disk. Track two is the first part of this playing. It contains skips and repeats.

This zip file contains a full length recording of track two, track2.wav - 3.49 MB, for listening and a folder, dicer2 - 3.56 MB, with 217 subfiles of track2.wav for computerized analysis.

Track Three - 2.53 MB

Track three is the second part of the Audograph playing of its disk and contains skips and repeats.

This zip file contains a full length recording of track three, track3.wav - 2.09 MB, for listening and a folder, dicer3 - 2.13 MB, with 130 subfiles of track3.wav for computerized analysis.

Track Five - 5.19 MB

For track five, the FBI varied playback speed of the Dictabelt to set power line hums to sixty Hertz. This tape is accepted as the rate corrected version of track one.

This zip file contains a full length recording of track five, track5.wav - 4.53 MB for listening and a folder, dicer5 - 4.62 MB, with 282 subfiles of track5.wav for computerized analysis.

Track Six - 8.37 MB

The FBI played the Audograph disk on a phonograph to eliminate the skips and repeats introduced by the Audograph. However, the phonograph played at constant angular speed and the Audograph recorded at constant linear speed. As a result the phonograph playing wrapped time and frequencies. Track six is a playing of a tape at its recording speed. This track renders pre-assassination communications intelligible.

They also boosted the bass and cut the treble to enhance voices in the presence of high frequency tones. These adjustments give tracks six, seven and eight a frequency response unrepresentative of Channel-II.

This zip file contains a full length recording of track six, track6.wav - 9.83 MB, for listening and a folder, dicer6 - 10.06 MB, with 614 subfiles of track6.wav for computerized analysis.

Track Seven - 12.08 MB

Track seven is a playback of track six at half its recording speed. This adjustment makes communications immediately before, during and shortly after the assassination intelligible.

This zip file contains a full length recording of track seven, track7.wav - 17.19 MB, for listening and a folder, dicer7 - 17.60 MB, with 1074 subfiles of track7.wav for computerized analysis.

Track Eight - 8.43 MB

Michael O'Dell corrected the playing rate of track seven and produced the source file for track eight. This wave version of track seven has a reduced resolution of eight bits and slower sampling rate of 11025. This zip file contains only the full length recording of track eight, track8.wav - 15.95 MB, for listening.

Dicer 8 - 8.87 MB

This zip file contains a folder, dicer8 - 16.33 MB, with 997 subfiles of track8.wav for computerized analysis.

Waves - 3.12 MB

Waves is a special purpose program designed to work with monophonic wave files with 8 bit resolution. This program will play any wave file with these specifications but its analytical functions require smaller files that use a special naming convention. For this reason the full length recordings are packaged with a folder of these special files. These restrictions facilitate the following features.

• Digital programming of starting time, ending time and playback rate.
• Oscillographs for time domain analysis.
• Spectrographs for frequency domain analysis.
• Tabulation of time or frequency domain data.
• Integrated event log to record and automatically retrieve interesting segments.
• Software tools to append waves files into larger units or dissect a wave file into smaller units.
• Applications manager to export plots to graphics and word processing programs.
• Waveform generator to synthesize wave files for analysis or discussion.

System requirements: Windows 98 or later with a sound card and graphics resolution of 800 X 600 or better.

Note: Ears not included.

Motorcycles - 0.81 MB

This zip file contains a collection of full length recordings of motorcycles sounds for auditory comparison with the loud interference on the Dictabelt. A folder of subfiles for computerized analysis accompanies each recording.

User - 4.64 MB

The user folder contains many sound files generated by an earlier version of Waves for use on this web site. Subfolders organize files according to category.