<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<!-- Grammatica Latinae -->
<!-- $Id: grammar.xml,v 1.11 2008/05/15 19:34:52 adrury Exp adrury $ -->
<!DOCTYPE grammar [
    <!ENTITY LowerLongA "&#0257;">
    <!ENTITY LowerLongE "&#0275;">
    <!ENTITY LowerLongI "&#0299;">
    <!ENTITY LowerLongO "&#0333;">
    <!ENTITY LowerLongU "&#0363;">
    <!ENTITY UpperLongA "&#0256;">
    <!ENTITY UpperLongE "&#0274;">
    <!ENTITY UpperLongI "&#0298;">
    <!ENTITY UpperLongO "&#0332;">
    <!ENTITY UpperLongU "&#0362;">
    <!ENTITY LowerAElig "&#0230;"> <!-- Lower æ ligature -->
]>
<grammar lang="la">
    <dictionary_entries>
        <noun>
            <entry lang="en" id="heading" name="Nominative" meaning="Nominative singular: an X" />
            <entry lang="en" id="genitive" name="Genitive ending" meaning="X's or of X" />
            <entry lang="en" id="gender" name="Gender" meaning="Grammatical gender" />
        </noun>
        <verb>
            <entry lang="en" id="heading" name="First principal part" meaning="First person singular present tense, indicative: I do X or I am Xing" />
            <entry lang="en" id="infinitive" name="Second principal part" meaning="Active, present tense infinitive form: to X" />
            <entry lang="en" id="past" name="Third principal part" meaning="First person singular perfect (past) tense, active, indicative: I did X or I Xed" />
            <entry lang="en" id="participle" name="Fourth principal part" meaning="Perfect passive participle, an adjective: having been Xed" />
        </verb>
        <adjective>
            <entry lang="en" id="heading" name="Feminine nominative singular" meaning="Feminine nominative singular: an X [Feminine word]" />
            <entry lang="en" id="heading" name="Masculine nominative singular" meaning="Masculine nominative singular: an X [Masculine word]" />
            <entry lang="en" id="heading" name="Neuter nominative singular" meaning="Neuter nominative singular: an X [Neuter word]" />
        </adjective>
        <adverbs>
            <entry lang="en" id="heading" name="Adverb" meaning="Adverb" />
        </adverbs>
    </dictionary_entries>
    <!-- ******************************************************************** -->
    <!-- Nouns                                                                -->
    <!-- ******************************************************************** -->
    <nouns>
        <!-- **************************************************************** -->
        <!-- Noun cases                                                       -->
        <!-- **************************************************************** -->
        <cases>
            <!-- begin NOM -->
            <case lang="en" name="NOM" description="Nominative">
              <term lang="la" value="Nominativus"/>
              <term lang="en" value="Subject"/>
                <uses>
                    <use lang="en">
                        <![CDATA[Subject]]>
                        <notae>
                            <nota lang="en"><![CDATA[Names the subject of a sentence]]></nota>
                        </notae>
                    </use>
                    <use lang="en">
                        <![CDATA[Predicate nominative]]>
                        <notae>
                            <nota lang="en"><![CDATA[
                                Used when a predicate nominative or predicate noun completes a linking verb
                                and renames the subject. It defines or makes a statement about the subject.
                                It is a complement or completer because it completes the verb. Predicate
                                nominatives complete only linking verbs.
                            ]]></nota>
                        </notae>
                    </use>
                </uses>
                <notae>
                    <nota lang="en"><![CDATA[It is the "name" of the noun and appears first in a dictionary entry.]]></nota>
                </notae>
            </case>
            <!-- end NOM -->
            <!-- begin VOC -->
            <case lang="en" name="VOC" description="Vocative">
                <term lang="la" value="Vocativus"/>
                <uses>
                    <use lang="en"><![CDATA[Direct address.]]></use>
                </uses>
                <notae>
                    <nota lang="en"><![CDATA[Almost always same as nominative.]]></nota>
                </notae>
            </case>
            <!-- end VOC -->
            <!-- begin ACC -->
            <case lang="en" name="ACC" description="Accusative">
                <term lang="la" value="Accusativus"/>
                <term lang="en" value="Objective"/>
                <uses>
                    <use lang="en"><![CDATA[Direct object of a sentence]]></use>
                    <use lang="en"><![CDATA[For expressing duration]]></use>
                    <use lang="en"><![CDATA[Adverbially]]></use>
                    <use lang="en"><![CDATA[Extent of space]]></use>
                    <use lang="en"><![CDATA[After preposition ad (to, toward, near)]]></use>
                    <use lang="en"><![CDATA[After preposition ante (before)]]></use>
                    <use lang="en"><![CDATA[After preposition apud (to, with, in the presence of)]]></use>
                    <use lang="en"><![CDATA[After preposition circum (around)]]></use>
                    <use lang="en"><![CDATA[After preposition contra (against)]]></use>
                    <use lang="en"><![CDATA[After preposition inter (between, among)]]></use>
                    <use lang="en"><![CDATA[After preposition intra (within)]]></use>
                    <use lang="en"><![CDATA[After preposition ob (for, in consideration of)]]></use>
                    <use lang="en"><![CDATA[After preposition per (through, by)]]></use>
                    <use lang="en"><![CDATA[After preposition post (after)]]></use>
                    <use lang="en"><![CDATA[After preposition propter (for, because of)]]></use>
                    <use lang="en"><![CDATA[After preposition secúndum (according to)]]></use>
                    <use lang="en"><![CDATA[After preposition trans (through, across)]]></use>
                    <use lang="en"><![CDATA[After preposition supra (over, above, upon; when indicating motion toward a place)]]></use>
                    <use lang="en"><![CDATA[After preposition in (in or into; when indicating motion toward a place)]]></use>
                    <use lang="en"><![CDATA[After preposition sub (under; when indicating motion toward a place)]]></use>
                    <use lang="en"><![CDATA[Accusative of place to which, motion towards]]></use>
                </uses>
            </case>
            <!-- end ACC -->
            <!-- begin GEN -->
            <case name="GEN" term="Genitive">
                <uses>
                    <use lang="en"><![CDATA[possession or source]]>
                        <notae>
                            <nota lang="en"><![CDATA[can be expressed in English with "of" or with clitic "'s" or "s'"]]></nota>
                            <nota lang="en"><![CDATA[Latin genitum: to beget]]></nota>
                        </notae>
                    </use>
                    <use lang="en"><![CDATA[objective genitive]]>
                        <notae>
                            <nota lang="en"><![CDATA[can be expressed in English as "of," or "for"]]></nota>
                        </notae>
                    </use>
                    <use lang="en"><![CDATA[genitive of the whole]]></use>
                </uses>
                <notae>
                    <nota lang="en"><![CDATA[Appears second in a dictionary entry.]]></nota>
                    <nota lang="en"><![CDATA[Contains the stem of the noun.]]></nota>
                </notae>
            </case>
            <!-- GEN -->
            <!-- begin ABL -->
            <case name="ABL" term="Ablative">
                <notae>
                    <nota lang="en"><![CDATA[In linguistics, the ablative case always marks motion away from something.]]></nota>
                    <nota lang="en"><![CDATA[Latin ab + latus; ab + PPL of ferre, to carry]]></nota>
                    <nota lang="en"><![CDATA[Used for nouns that are by, with or from X]]></nota>
                </notae>
                <forms>
                    <form lang="en" name="Ablative proper">
                        <uses>
                           <use lang="en"><![CDATA[separation]]>
                               <notae>
                                   <nota lang="en"><![CDATA[used when no motion is implied]]></nota>
                                   <nota lang="en"><![CDATA[far away]]></nota>
                                   <nota lang="en"><![CDATA[keeping away]]></nota>
                                   <nota lang="en"><![CDATA[lacking or being free of]]></nota>
                                   <nota lang="en"><![CDATA[can be expressed in English as "from"]]></nota>
                               </notae>
                               <examples>
                                   <example lang="la">
                                       <![CDATA[Sed líbera nos a malo]]>
                                       <noun lang="la" nominative="mal.um" genitive="mal.i" declension="2" case="ABL" number="S" gender="N"/>
                                   </example>
                               </examples>
                           </use>
                           <use lang="en"><![CDATA[source]]>
                           </use>
                           <use lang="en"><![CDATA[agent, from whom]]>
                               <notae>
                                   <nota lang="en"><![CDATA[the person performing the action of a passive verb, the person from whom the action proceeds]]></nota>
                                   <nota lang="en"><![CDATA[therefore, like a variation of ablative of place from which]]></nota>
                                   <nota lang="en"><![CDATA[the agent must be a living being acting intentionally or voluntarily]]></nota>
                                   <nota lang="en"><![CDATA[can be expressed in English as "by"]]></nota>
                               </notae>
                               <examples>
                                   <example lang="la">
                                       <![CDATA[mea culpa, mea culpa, mea máxima culpa]]>
                                       <noun lang="la" nominative="culp.a" genitive="culp.ae" declension="1" case="ABL" number="S" gender="F"/>
                                   </example>
                               </examples>
                           </use>
                           <use lang="en"><![CDATA[comparison, after comparative adverbs and adjectives]]>
                               <notae>
                                   <nota lang="en"><![CDATA[
                                        When the noun or pronoun with which another is compared
                                        is in the nominative or accusative, quam may by omitted
                                        and the second or pronoun put into the ablative.
                                   ]]></nota>
                                   <nota lang="en"><![CDATA[can be expressed in English as "than"]]></nota>
                               </notae>
                           </use>
                        </uses>
                    </form>
                    <form lang="en" name="Instrumental ablative">
                        <uses>
                           <use lang="en"><![CDATA[means, instrument]]>
                               <notae>
                                   <nota lang="en"><![CDATA[without a preposition, can be expressed in English using "with"]]></nota>
                                   <nota lang="en"><![CDATA[can be expressed in English as "by means of"]]></nota>
                               </notae>
                               <examples>
                                   <example lang="la">
                                       <![CDATA[Quam laudant Angeli...una voce dicéntes]]>
                                       <noun lang="la" nominative="vox" genitive="voc.is" declension="3" case="ABL" number="S" gender="F"/>
                                   </example>
                               </examples>
                           </use>
                           <use lang="en"><![CDATA[cause]]>
                               <notae>
                                   <nota lang="en"><![CDATA[The ablative, usually without a preposition, can be used to express cause.]]></nota>
                                   <nota lang="en"><![CDATA[shows separation]]></nota>
                                   <nota lang="en"><![CDATA[can be expressed in English as "from"]]></nota>
                               </notae>
                           </use>
                           <use lang="en"><![CDATA[manner, attendant circumstances]]>
                               <examples>
                                   <example lang="la">
                                       <![CDATA[Et íterum ventúrus est cum glória judicáre vivos et mórtuos]]>
                                       <noun lang="la" nominative="glori.a" genitive="glori.æ;" declension="1" case="ABL" number="S" gender="F"/>
                                    </example>
                               </examples>
                           </use>
                           <use lang="en"><![CDATA[accompaniment, association]]>
                               <notae>
                                   <nota lang="en"><![CDATA[uses cum]]></nota>
                                   <nota lang="en"><![CDATA[can be expressed in English as "with," "along with," "in company with"]]></nota>
                               </notae>
                               <examples>
                                   <example lang="la">
                                       <![CDATA[Qui cum Patre et Fílio sumul adorátur et conglorificátur]]>
                                       <noun lang="la" nominative="pater" genitive="pat.ris" declension="3" case="ABL" number="S" gender="M"/>
                                       <noun lang="la" nominative="fili.us" genitive="fili.i" declension="2" case="ABL" number="S" gender="M"/>
                                   </example>
                               </examples>
                           </use>
                           <use lang="en"><![CDATA[degree of difference]]>
                               <notae>
                                   <nota lang="en"><![CDATA[
                                    The ablative without a preposition is used with comparatives
                                    and with ante and post to indicate the degree of difference.
                                   ]]></nota>
                               </notae>
                           </use>
                           <use lang="en"><![CDATA[quality, description]]>
                               <notae>
                                   <nota lang="en"><![CDATA[
                                    The genitive or ablative modified by an adjective is
                                    used to describe the quality of a noun.
                                   ]]></nota>
                                   <nota lang="en"><![CDATA[Cf. genitive of measure, which is used for definite measure]]></nota>
                                   <nota lang="en"><![CDATA[can be expressed in English as "of"]]></nota>
                               </notae>
                           </use>
                           <use lang="en"><![CDATA[price]]>
                           </use>
                           <use lang="en"><![CDATA[specification, respect]]>
                               <notae>
                                   <nota lang="en"><![CDATA[
                                    The ablative without a preposition is used to show in what respect
                                    the quality of a noun, adjective, or verb applies.
                                   ]]></nota>
                                   <nota lang="en"><![CDATA[can be expressed in English as "in respect of"]]></nota>
                               </notae>
                           </use>
                           <use lang="en"><![CDATA[absolute]]>
                           </use>
                        </uses>
                    </form>
                    <form lang="en" name="Locative ablative">
                        <uses>
                           <use lang="en"><![CDATA[place from which, origin, descent]]>
                               <notae>
                                   <nota lang="en"><![CDATA[with preposition a, ab (away from)]]></nota>
                                   <nota lang="en"><![CDATA[with preposition de (down from)]]></nota>
                                   <nota lang="en"><![CDATA[with preposition e, ex (out of)]]></nota>
                               </notae>
                               <examples>
                                   <example lang="la">
                                       <![CDATA[Qui propter nos hómines...descéndit de cælis]]>
                                       <noun lang="la" nominative="cael.um" genitive="cael.i" declension="2" case="ABL" number="P" gender="M"/>
                                   </example>
                                   <example lang="la">
                                       <![CDATA[et ex Patre natum ante ómnia sæcula]]>
                                       <noun lang="la" nominative="pat.re" genitive="pat.ris" declension="3" case="ABL" number="S" gender="M"/>
                                   </example>
                               </examples>
                           </use>
                           <use lang="en"><![CDATA[place where]]>
                               <notae>
                                   <nota lang="en"><![CDATA[can be expressed in English as "on" or "in"]]></nota>
                                   <nota lang="en"><![CDATA[can be expressed in English as "than"]]></nota>
                               </notae>
                           </use>
                           <use lang="en"><![CDATA[time when, time at which]]>
                           </use>
                           <use lang="en"><![CDATA[time within which]]>
                           </use>
                        </uses>
                    </form>
                    <form lang="en" name="Other">
                        <uses>
                            <use lang="en"><![CDATA[with impersonal verbs]]></use>
                            <use lang="en"><![CDATA[After preposition coram (in the presence of)]]></use>
                            <use lang="en"><![CDATA[After preposition cum (with)]]></use>
                            <use lang="en"><![CDATA[After preposition prae (before)]]></use>
                            <use lang="en"><![CDATA[After preposition pro (for, through, in behalf of)]]></use>
                            <use lang="en"><![CDATA[After preposition sine (without)]]></use>
                            <use lang="en"><![CDATA[After preposition supra (over, above, upon; when indicating rest in one place)]]></use>
                            <use lang="en"><![CDATA[After preposition in (in or into; when indicating rest in one place)]]></use>
                            <use lang="en"><![CDATA[After preposition sub (under; when indicating rest in one place)]]></use>
                        </uses>
                    </form>
                </forms>
            </case>
            <!-- end ABL -->
            <!-- begin DAT -->
            <case name="DAT" term="Dative">
                <uses>
                    <use lang="en"><![CDATA[The dative case is generally used to indicate the noun to whom something is given.]]></use>
                    <use lang="en"><![CDATA[Latin casus dativus: the case appropriate to giving]]></use>
                    <use lang="en"><![CDATA[Greek didómai: to give]]></use>
                    <use lang="en"><![CDATA[Indirect object affected by the action of a verb or by the quality of an adjective.]]>
                        <examples>
                            <example lang="la">
                                <![CDATA[déxtera eórum repléta est munéribus]]>
                                <noun lang="la" nominative="munus" genitive="muneris" declension="3" case="DAT" number="P" gender="N"/>
                            </example>
                            <example lang="la">
                                <![CDATA[
                                ]]>
                            </example>
                        </examples>
                    </use>
                    <use lang="en"><![CDATA[reference]]></use>
                    <use lang="en"><![CDATA[purpose]]></use>
                    <use lang="en"><![CDATA[agent]]></use>
                    <use lang="en"><![CDATA[possession]]></use>
                </uses>
                <notae>
                    <nota lang="en"><![CDATA[It is generally used for nouns which in English have "to" or "for" before them.]]></nota>
                </notae>
            </case>
            <!-- end DAT -->
            <!-- begin LOC -->
            <case name="LOC" term="Locative">
                <uses>
                    <use lang="en"><![CDATA[]]></use>
                </uses>
            </case>
            <!-- end LOC -->
        </cases>
        <!-- **************************************************************** -->
        <!-- Noun declensions                                                 -->
        <!-- **************************************************************** -->
        <declensions>
            <declension number="1" genitive_singular="æ">
                <cases>
                    <nominative>
                        <singular value="a"/>
                        <plural value="æ"/>
                    </nominative>
                    <vocative>
                        <singular value="a"/>
                        <plural value="æ"/>
                    </vocative>
                    <accusative>
                        <singular value="am"/>
                        <plural value="as"/>
                    </accusative>
                    <genitive>
                        <singular value="æ"/>
                        <plural value="arum"/>
                    </genitive>
                    <dative>
                        <singular value="æ"/>
                        <plural value="is"/>
                    </dative>
                    <ablative>
                        <singular value="a"/>
                        <plural value="is"/>
                    </ablative>
                </cases>
            </declension>
            <declension number="2" genitive_singular="&LowerLongI;">
                <cases>
                    <nominative>
                        <singular value="us|ius|er|ir" gender="M"/>
                        <singular value="um" gender="N"/>
                        <plural value="&LowerLongI;" gender="M"/>
                        <plural value="a" gender="N"/>
                    </nominative>
                    <vocative>
                        <singular value="e|i"/>
                        <singular value="er" gender="M"/>
                        <singular value="um" gender="N"/>
                        <plural value="&LowerLongI;" gender="M"/>
                        <plural value="a" gender="N"/>
                    </vocative>
                    <accusative>
                        <singular value="um"/>
                        <plural value="&LowerLongO;s" gender="M"/>
                        <plural value="a" gender="N"/>
                    </accusative>
                    <genitive>
                        <singular value="&LowerLongI;"/>
                        <plural value="&LowerLongO;rum"/>
                    </genitive>
                    <dative>
                        <singular value="&LowerLongO;"/>
                        <plural value="&LowerLongI;s"/>
                    </dative>
                    <ablative>
                        <singular value="&LowerLongO;"/>
                        <plural value="&LowerLongI;s"/>
                    </ablative>
                </cases>
            </declension>
            <declension number="3" form="increasing">
                <cases>
                    <nominative>
                        <singular value="*"/>
                        <plural value="es"/>
                    </nominative>
                    <vocative>
                        <singular value="*"/>
                        <plural value="es"/>
                    </vocative>
                    <accusative>
                        <singular value="em"/>
                        <plural value="es"/>
                    </accusative>
                    <genitive>
                        <singular value="is"/>
                        <plural value="um"/>
                    </genitive>
                    <dative>
                        <singular value="i"/>
                        <plural value="ibus"/>
                    </dative>
                    <ablative>
                        <singular value="e"/>
                        <plural value="ibus"/>
                    </ablative>
                </cases>
            </declension>
            <declension number="3" form="increasing" gender="N">
                <cases>
                    <nominative>
                        <singular value="*"/>
                        <plural value="a"/>
                    </nominative>
                    <vocative>
                        <singular value="*"/>
                        <plural value="a"/>
                    </vocative>
                    <accusative>
                        <singular value="*"/>
                        <plural value="a"/>
                    </accusative>
                    <genitive>
                        <singular value="is"/>
                        <plural value="um"/>
                    </genitive>
                    <dative>
                        <singular value="i"/>
                        <plural value="ibus"/>
                    </dative>
                    <ablative>
                        <singular value="e"/>
                        <plural value="ibus"/>
                    </ablative>
                </cases>
            </declension>
            <declension number="3" form="non-increasing">
                <cases>
                    <nominative>
                        <singular value="is|es"/>
                        <plural value="es"/>
                    </nominative>
                    <vocative>
                        <singular value="is|es"/>
                        <plural value="es"/>
                    </vocative>
                    <accusative>
                        <singular value="em|im"/>
                        <plural value="es|is"/>
                    </accusative>
                    <genitive>
                        <singular value="is"/>
                        <plural value="ium"/>
                    </genitive>
                    <dative>
                        <singular value="i"/>
                        <plural value="ibus"/>
                    </dative>
                    <ablative>
                        <singular value="i|e"/>
                        <plural value="ibus"/>
                    </ablative>
                </cases>
            </declension>
            <declension number="3" form="non-increasing" gender="N">
                <cases>
                    <nominative>
                        <singular value="e|l|r"/>
                        <plural value="ia"/>
                    </nominative>
                    <vocative>
                        <singular value="e|l|r"/>
                        <plural value="ia"/>
                    </vocative>
                    <accusative>
                        <singular value="e|l|r"/>
                        <plural value="ia"/>
                    </accusative>
                    <genitive>
                        <singular value="is"/>
                        <plural value="ium"/>
                    </genitive>
                    <dative>
                        <singular value="i"/>
                        <plural value="ibus"/>
                    </dative>
                    <ablative>
                        <singular value="i|e"/>
                        <plural value="ibus"/>
                    </ablative>
                </cases>
            </declension>
            <declension number="4">
                <cases>
                    <nominative>
                        <singular value="us"/>
                        <plural value="us"/>
                    </nominative>
                    <vocative>
                        <singular value="us"/>
                        <plural value="us"/>
                    </vocative>
                    <accusative>
                        <singular value="um"/>
                        <plural value="us"/>
                    </accusative>
                    <genitive>
                        <singular value="us"/>
                        <plural value="uum"/>
                    </genitive>
                    <dative>
                        <singular value="ui"/>
                        <plural value="ibus"/>
                    </dative>
                    <ablative>
                        <singular value="u"/>
                        <plural value="ibus"/>
                    </ablative>
                </cases>
            </declension>
            <declension number="4" gender="N">
                <cases>
                    <nominative>
                        <singular value="u"/>
                        <plural value="ua"/>
                    </nominative>
                    <vocative>
                        <singular value="u"/>
                        <plural value="ua"/>
                    </vocative>
                    <accusative>
                        <singular value="u"/>
                        <plural value="ua"/>
                    </accusative>
                    <genitive>
                        <singular value="us"/>
                        <plural value="uum"/>
                    </genitive>
                    <dative>
                        <singular value="ui"/>
                        <plural value="ibus"/>
                    </dative>
                    <ablative>
                        <singular value="u"/>
                        <plural value="ibus"/>
                    </ablative>
                </cases>
            </declension>
            <declension number="5">
                <cases>
                    <nominative>
                        <singular value="es"/>
                        <plural value="es"/>
                    </nominative>
                    <vocative>
                        <singular value="es"/>
                        <plural value="es"/>
                    </vocative>
                    <accusative>
                        <singular value="em"/>
                        <plural value="es"/>
                    </accusative>
                    <genitive>
                        <singular value="ei"/>
                        <plural value="erum"/>
                    </genitive>
                    <dative>
                        <singular value="ei"/>
                        <plural value="ebus"/>
                    </dative>
                    <ablative>
                        <singular value="e"/>
                        <plural value="ebus"/>
                    </ablative>
                </cases>
            </declension>
        </declensions>
    </nouns>
    <verbs>
        <tenses>
            <tense lang="en" name="PRES" term="Present">
                <uses>
                    <use lang="en"><![CDATA[Describes an action going on in the present]]></use>
                    <use lang="en"><![CDATA[Describes an action that is generally true]]></use>
                </uses>
                <personal_endings conjugation="*">
                    <personal_ending lang="la" person="1" number="S" value="&LowerLongO;"/>
                    <personal_ending lang="la" person="1" number="P" value="&LowerLongA;s"/>
                    <personal_ending lang="la" person="2" number="S" value="at"/>
                    <personal_ending lang="la" person="2" number="P" value="&LowerLongA;mus"/>
                    <personal_ending lang="la" person="3" number="S" value="&LowerLongA;tis"/>
                    <personal_ending lang="la" person="3" number="P" value="ant"/>
                </personal_endings>
            </tense>
            <tense lang="en" name="PERF" term="Perfect">
                <uses>
                    <use lang="en"><![CDATA[Describes a single action completed before the present time]]></use>
                    <use lang="en"><![CDATA[Can be expressed in English using "have" or "did"]]></use>
                </uses>
            </tense>
            <tense lang="en" name="IMPF" term="Imperfect">
                <uses>
                    <use lang="en"><![CDATA[Describes actions in the past which did not get finished]]></use>
                    <use lang="en"><![CDATA[Describes actions in the past which went on regularly]]></use>
                    <use lang="en"><![CDATA[Describes actions in the past which lasted for some time before it ended]]></use>
                    <use lang="en"><![CDATA[Describes actions in the past which only got started]]></use>
                </uses>
                <personal_endings conjugation="*">
                    <personal_ending lang="la" person="1" number="S" value="&LowerLongA;bam"/>
                    <personal_ending lang="la" person="1" number="P" value="&LowerLongA;b&LowerLongA;mus"/>
                    <personal_ending lang="la" person="2" number="S" value="&LowerLongA;b&LowerLongA;s"/>
                    <personal_ending lang="la" person="2" number="P" value="&LowerLongA;b&LowerLongA;tis"/>
                    <personal_ending lang="la" person="3" number="S" value="&LowerLongA;bat"/>
                    <personal_ending lang="la" person="3" number="P" value="&LowerLongA;bant"/>
                </personal_endings>
            </tense>
            <tense lang="en" name="PLUP" term="Pluperfect">
                <uses>
                    <use lang="en"><![CDATA[Describes an action as already completed at some time in the past]]></use>
                    <use lang="en"><![CDATA[Can be expressed in English using "had"]]></use>
                </uses>
            </tense>
            <tense lang="en" name="FUT" term="Future">
                <uses>
                    <use lang="en"><![CDATA[Describes an action that will happen some time in the future]]></use>
                    <use lang="en"><![CDATA[Can be expressed in English using "will" or "shall"]]></use>
                </uses>
                <personal_endings conjugation="1|2">
                    <personal_ending lang="la" person="1" number="S" value="&LowerLongA;b&LowerLongO;"/>
                    <personal_ending lang="la" person="1" number="P" value="&LowerLongA;bimus"/>
                    <personal_ending lang="la" person="2" number="S" value="&LowerLongA;bis"/>
                    <personal_ending lang="la" person="2" number="P" value="&LowerLongA;bitis"/>
                    <personal_ending lang="la" person="3" number="S" value="&LowerLongA;bit"/>
                    <personal_ending lang="la" person="3" number="P" value="&LowerLongA;bunt"/>
                </personal_endings>
                <personal_endings conjugation="3|4">
                    <personal_ending lang="la" person="1" number="S" value="am"/>
                    <personal_ending lang="la" person="1" number="P" value="&LowerLongE;mus"/>
                    <personal_ending lang="la" person="2" number="S" value="&LowerLongE;s"/>
                    <personal_ending lang="la" person="2" number="P" value="&LowerLongE;tis"/>
                    <personal_ending lang="la" person="3" number="S" value="et"/>
                    <personal_ending lang="la" person="3" number="P" value="&LowerLongE;nt"/>
                </personal_endings>
            </tense>
            <tense lang="en" name="FUTP" term="Future perfect">
                <uses>
                    <use lang="en"><![CDATA[Describes an action that will have happened by some time in the future]]></use>
                    <use lang="en"><![CDATA[Can be expressed in English using "will" and "have"]]></use>
                </uses>
            </tense>
        </tenses>
        <participles>
            <uses>
                <use><![CDATA[
                 A non-finite verb form that can be used in compound tenses or voices, or as a modifier.
                 Participles often share properties with other parts of speech, in particular adjectives and nouns.
                ]]></use>
                <use><![CDATA[Gerund: action noun. In English: -ing.]]></use>
            </uses>
            <participle tense="PRES" voice="ACTIVE">
                <uses>
                    <use><![CDATA[Can be expressed in English as -ing.]]></use>
                </uses>
                <examples>
                    <example lang="la">
                        <![CDATA[laudans]]>
                        <verb lang="la" first="laudo" second="laudáre" conjugation="1"/>
                    </example>
                    <example lang="la">
                        <![CDATA[monens]]>
                        <verb lang="la" first="moneo" second="monére" conjugation="2"/>
                    </example>
                    <example lang="la">
                        <![CDATA[ducens]]>
                        <verb lang="la" first="duco" second="ducere" conjugation="3"/>
                    </example>
                    <example lang="la">
                        <![CDATA[áudiens]]>
                        <verb lang="la" first="audio" second="audíre" conjugation="4"/>
                    </example>
                </examples>
            </participle>
            <participle tense="PERF" voice="PASSIVE">
                <uses>
                    <use><![CDATA[Can be expressed in English as -ed or "having been -ed."]]></use>
                </uses>
                <examples>
                    <example lang="la">
                        <![CDATA[laudátus]]>
                        <verb lang="la" first="laudo" second="laudáre" conjugation="1"/>
                    </example>
                    <example lang="la">
                        <![CDATA[mónitus]]>
                        <verb lang="la" first="moneo" second="monére" conjugation="2"/>
                    </example>
                    <example lang="la">
                        <![CDATA[ductus]]>
                        <verb lang="la" first="duco" second="ducere" conjugation="3"/>
                    </example>
                    <example lang="la">
                        <![CDATA[audítus]]>
                        <verb lang="la" first="audio" second="audíre" conjugation="4"/>
                    </example>
                </examples>
            </participle>
            <participle tense="FUT" voice="ACTIVE">
                <uses>
                    <use><![CDATA[Can be expressed in English as "about to X."]]></use>
                </uses>
                <examples>
                    <example lang="la">
                        <![CDATA[laudatúrus]]>
                        <verb lang="la" first="laudo" second="laudáre" conjugation="1"/>
                    </example>
                    <example lang="la">
                        <![CDATA[monitúrus]]>
                        <verb lang="la" first="moneo" second="monére" conjugation="2"/>
                    </example>
                    <example lang="la">
                        <![CDATA[ductúrus]]>
                        <verb lang="la" first="duco" second="ducere" conjugation="3"/>
                    </example>
                    <example lang="la">
                        <![CDATA[auditúrus]]>
                        <verb lang="la" first="audio" second="audíre" conjugation="4"/>
                    </example>
                </examples>
            </participle>
            <participle tense="GERUNDIVE" voice="PASSIVE">
                <uses>
                    <use><![CDATA[Also called future passive.]]></use>
                    <use><![CDATA[Can be expressed in English as "fit to be X," "necessary to be X," or "must be X."]]></use>
                </uses>
                <examples>
                    <example lang="la">
                        <![CDATA[laudándus]]>
                        <verb lang="la" first="laudo" second="laudáre" conjugation="1"/>
                    </example>
                    <example lang="la">
                        <![CDATA[monéndus]]>
                        <verb lang="la" first="moneo" second="monére" conjugation="2"/>
                    </example>
                    <example lang="la">
                        <![CDATA[ducéndus]]>
                        <verb lang="la" first="duco" second="ducere" conjugation="3"/>
                    </example>
                    <example lang="la">
                        <![CDATA[audiéndus]]>
                        <verb lang="la" first="audio" second="audíre" conjugation="4"/>
                    </example>
                </examples>
            </participle>
        </participles>
        <moods>
            <mood lang="en" name="IND" term="Indicative">
                <uses>
                    <use lang="en">
                      <![CDATA[
                      The indicative mood "indicates" a fact. The fact can be a
                      belief and need not be true. "He sleeps," is in the indicative.
                      Neither "Go to sleep!" nor "He may be sleeping" are in the
                      indicative.
                      ]]>
                    </use>
                </uses>
            </mood>
            <mood lang="en" name="IMP" term="Imperative">
                <uses>
                    <use lang="en">
                      <![CDATA[
                      Normally, the imperative mood is used for direct commands (orders) like,
                      "Go to sleep!". The imperative is formed by removing the "-re" ending
                      of the present infinitive. When ordering two or more, add -"te."
                      For third conjugation verbs, the "e" before the dropped "re" is
                      changed to an "i." Thus, the plural imperative of mittere is mittite.
                      There are some irregular imperatives. The negative ("Don't ...!)
                      is conveyed by the addition of "noli" in the singular
                      and "nolite" in the plural.
                      ]]>
                    </use>
                </uses>
            </mood>
            <mood lang="en" name="SUB" term="Subjunctive">
                <uses>
                    <use lang="en">
                      <![CDATA[
                        In Latin the subjunctive mood is used to represent the predicate as an idea,
                        as something conceived in the mind but abstract or removed from reality:
                        a wish, a doubt, a purpose, a mild command, a condition, and so on.
                      ]]>
                    </use>
                    <use lang="en">
                      <![CDATA[
                      Chances are when the auxiliary verbs may (as in "He may be sleeping"),
                      can, must, might, could, should and would appear in an English sentence, the
                      verb is in the subjunctive. Latin uses subjunctive in other instances, as well.
                      ]]>
                    </use>
                </uses>
            </mood>
        </moods>
        <conjugations>
            <conjugation name="1">
                <present_stem value="a"/>
                <present_infinitive value="are"/>
            </conjugation>
            <conjugation name="2">
                <present_stem value="e"/>
                <present_infinitive value="&LowerLongE;re"/>
            </conjugation>
            <conjugation name="3">
                <present_stem value="i"/>
                <present_infinitive value="ere"/>
            </conjugation>
            <conjugation name="4">
                <present_stem value="i"/>
                <present_infinitive value="ire"/>
            </conjugation>
        </conjugations>
    </verbs>
    <sources>
        <source title="Teach Yourself Latin Grammar" author="Gregory Kylve" date="2002" ISBN="0071396780"/>
        <source title="First Year Latin" author="Charles Jenney, et al" date="1970" LCN="72-121205"/>
        <source title="Roman Catholic Sunday Missal Booklet: 1962" author="Sylvester P. Juergens, S.M., S.T.D., et al" date="2007" ISBN="9781892331489"/>
    </sources>
</grammar>

