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Chapter 4, Ecosystems and Communities

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Chapter Test Scheduled for 23 November.
Class Notes

A. Read pages 87-89.  Due  5 November.
Terms & Concepts: Distinguish between the terms "weather" and "climate." Understand that climate has a long term effect on the composition of ecosystems around the globe. Be able to discuss the greenhouse effect as an example of the dramatic influence of climate on the biosphere. Be able to list and describe the three major climatic zones of the globe, polar, temperate, and tropic and their relationship to latitude. Be able to interpret the maps on page 89  in terms of the global movement of heat energy and its relationship to solar heating. 

Questions pages 115-116: 1-3, 11-12.

B. Read pages 90-97. Due 9 November.
Terms & Concepts: Review the concept of biotic and abiotic factors of an ecosystem. Understand the important interrelationships between these two elements of the ecosystem and their role in the growth and survival of organisms. Appreciate the important concept of the "ecological niche." Understand the relationship of an organism's niche and the biotic and abiotic factors of its ecosystem. Be able to describe the classic study of warblers as an example of how similar species can live together in an ecosystem by having specialized niches. Know what the terms competition and predation mean in terms of the use of ecosystem resources. Be able to state and give examples of the competitive exclusion principle. Understand how symbiosis describes the close and often obligatory relationships among species including mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism. Be able to give examples of each of these types of symbiotic relationships. 

Appreciate that ecosystems are not fixed relationships of species. Ecological succession is the natural progression of change in ecosystems. Distinguish between primary and secondary succession and be able to describe examples of succession in desert, forest, and marine ecosystem.

Questions pages 115-116: 4-7,  13-16.

C. Due 12 November. Questions pages 115-116: 30 and 33.

D. Read page 98-105. Due 16 November.
Terms & Concepts:  Be able to define biome in relationship between abiotic and biotic factors and the unique groups of organisms that live in each biome. Understand the critical role of temperature and precipitation in determining the characteristics of a biome. Be able to interpret the "climate diagram" such as figure 4-10 on page 98. Be able to use the global map on page 99 to identify the location of the major biomes. Use the information on pages 100 to 104 to know the important characteristics of the major biomes in particular the abiotic factors, dominant plants and animals, and location

 Questions pages 115-116: 8, 17-20, 27.

E. Read page 106-112. Due 18 November.
Terms & Concepts: Use the information on pages 106 to 112 to know the major aquatic and marine biomes. Be able to describe the abiotic and biotic elements of these biomes and their dominant plants and animals, and their locations.

 Questions pages 115-116: 9-10, 21-25, 28.

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