Chapters 1-6 provided the key foundation for our understanding of the critical issues involving media studies.  Additionally, because you are working on your research papers, I want change the focus of the remaining lectures.  From here on out, I will provide an outline of my PowerPoint presentations followed by an application assignment to help you develop your "media literacy" skills.  Here is the powerpoint outline for Chapter 7.  The application assignment link is at the end of the outline.

History of Print

•      Johannes Gutenberg

–  Germany in the 1450s

–  Invents movable type printing press

–  Printing press revolution

•      Henry VIII

–  British licensing system

–  Tension between government control and printing freedom

American Experience

•      Already in the 18th century people have an idea that press should be free from government control

•      James Franklin baits the colonial government in his New England Courant

•      1735: New York jury acquits John Peter Zenger of the charge that his newspaper printed a libel

•      This is the beginning of the American belief in an adversarial press that must have the ability to publicize and argue with the actions of the government

First Amendment

•      Adopted into the US constitution in order to ensure adversarial press

•      However the support and extension of freedom of the press and speech has been an ongoing struggle

•      Early newspapers are supported by political groups and parties

•      Newspapers most dominant form of print media in early days

Penny Press

•      Steam powered press and growing literacy make high circulation newspaper viable by 1830s

•      1828: election of Andrew Jackson sparks interest in the common man

•      1833: New York Sun sparks penny press revolution

–  Cheap

–  Wide circulation

–  More advertising revenue and
newspaper competition

–  Professional reporters and getting the news first

News and Telegraph

•      Morse introduces telegraph in 1844

–  Associated Press formed 1849

–  Inverted pyramid style of news writing

•   Rise of factual reporting (objective)

Magazines

•      Grow between 1825 and 1850s

•      Godey’s Lady’s Book founded in 1830

–   Sara Josepha Hale becomes editor in 1837

–   Influences women and promotes a new way
of living

•      Scientific America founded in 1845

•      Harper’s Monthly founded in 1850

•      Rise of visual culture

1880s

•      Newspapers and magazines take advantage of

–  Increased advertising due to

•   Department  stores (newspapers)

•   National distribution of brands (magazines)

–  Newspapers and yellow journalism

•   Development of newspaper chains

–  Magazines and muck racking

Print and General Entertainment

•      Early part of 20th century

–  Ladies Home Journal and Saturday Evening Post are the most
popular magazines

–  Ladies Home Journal crusades for women’s right to vote

–  Saturday Evening Post is conservative
and literary

•      Tabloid newspapers develop in USA
in 1920s

–  New York Daily News features photography

•      Magazines develop digesting

–  Reader’s Digest 1922

–  Time 1923

20th Century

•      Advertising shifts towards broadcasting

–  Cities loose competing newspapers

–  Newspaper chains become dominant

•      Shift of advertising to television forces magazines towards segmentation

APPLICATION EXERCISE:   Ch. 7--Newspapers in your life