According to Jewett, in the History of Barnstead, written in 1872, the Suncook River head watered in Gilford. “The drainage by the Suncook is so complete that it leaves no bogs or meadows to emit pestilence or to generate contagious disease.” (History of Barnstead, p.122) Today, according to DES Dam Bureau, the headwaters occur at Place’s Pond a.k.a. Sunset Lake which borders Alton and Gilmanton. Still other people maintain that Crystal Lake, a lake formed by the glaciers longs ago, are the true headwaters. The watershed itself exists in sixteen communities starting in the north with Gilford and Alton and ending in the south in Allenstown and Pembroke where the river empties into the Merrimack. 

The Suncook River Watershed What is the significance of the Suncook River Watershed to the region?Early settlers first arrived in this region in the early to mid 1700s. They came primarily from the New Hampshire seacoast communities, Long Island, Rhode Island, and Massachusetts.By the time the first settlers arrived in this watershed, many of the Indians had left and gone north. They left behind the Indian name for the river: Suncook. It is believed that the name means “the place where the wild goose rested.” (History of Barnstead, p. 121)These settlers much like the Native Americans and the wildlife that were here prior to their arrival, used the river and its tributaries as a transportation corridor, as a food source, and later as a source of hydro power to run mills. Earliest dams built during the 1800s are still found in Gilmanton, Barnstead, Pittsfield, Chichester, Allenstown, and Pembroke.The Suncook Valley Railroad operated from 1869 through 1952. The old rail beds were laid alongside the river and can still be seen today although abandoned. The railroad ran from Suncook to Center Barnstead. (Information from the Friends of Suncook River Website.)