Endocrine System

– Hormones secreted by endocrine glands

Hormones – specialized chemicals produced in one part of the body, which have an effect on anther part of the body – transported through blood only

Endocrine glands = ductless glands

Antagonistic substances – substances that work in opposition to each other

1) Thyroid –

a)      Thyroxin

·        Regulates metabolic rate

·        Influences growth

·        Influences mental development in children

·        Controls metamorphosis – change in shape or form from the juvenile to the adult stage

b)      Thyrocalcitonin – lowers blood calcium levels

2) Parathyroid –

·        Parathormone – elevates blood calcium levels

3) Pancreas – Islets of Langerhans

a)      Insulin – reduces blood glucose by converting the excess into glycogen in the liver

b)      Glucagons – raises blood glucose levels by promoting the breakdown of glycogen from the liver

4) Adrenals – kidney

              I.      Cortex – covering – outside

a)      Cortisone – anti-inflammatory agent

b)      Aldosterone – regulates salt level in the blood and is transported to the kidney

           II.      Medulla – Adrenalin – epinephrine – emergency hormone

·        Increases blood glucose levels

·        Increases heart beat

·        Increases respiration

“Flight or fight” reaction – how you react to an emergency

5) Testes – testosterone – male secondary sex characteristics

·        Growth of body hair

·        Deepening of the voice

·        Muscular development

·        Ability to reproduce

6) Ovaries –

a)      Estrogen – female secondary sex characteristics

·        Growth of body hair

·        Ability to reproduce

·        Breast development

·        Widening of hips

b)      Progesterone –

·        Functions in the menstrual cycle

·        Maintains pregnancy

7) Pituitary

a)      TSH – Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

b)      FSH – Follicle Stimulating Hormone –involved on reproduction

c)      LH – Lutianizing Hormone – involved in reproduction

d)      ACTH – AdrenoCorticoTropic Hormone – hormone that stimulates the adrenal cortex

e)      GH – Growth Hormone – height

f)        ADH – Anti-Diuretic Hormone – (helps retain water) regulates H2O absorption in the nephron 

g)      Oxytocin – responsible for uterine contractions – males do not have this hormone

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By Denise Zami

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