|
MEMORANDUM
TO: All Reed Researchers
FROM: T.J. Reed
DATE: 1 September 2008
SUBJ: Summary of Findings Reed of
Redesdale
I. INTRODUCTION
This memorandum summarizes the inferences drawn from Mick Reed’s web page and
his e-mails to me, as well as e-mails from his cousin. It includes web-based information on Monkwearmouth, Longhorsley and
Elsdon that throw a surprising amount of light on possible future research. References persons named Reed in all variant spellings
in published histories of Counties Durham and Northumberland are disappointingly scarce and unreliable.
On 17 July 2008, I found out that Mick Reed of Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
and I had a35/ 37 marker Y DNA match. Since we had a common surname, the probability is that we have a common ancestor within
16 generations. FamilyTree DNA states in its explanation of DNA match that Mick and I are "within the range of most well-established
surname lineages in Western Europe." A 36/37 match would predict a common ancestor within 5 to 16 generations and a 35/37
match such as ours should yield the same judgment of probability. Mick has researched his family for five generations, and
I have been able to extend our USA Reed research back five generations.
Since Mick Reed has a well-worked out family history lineage back to William Reed
of Monkwearmouth, County Durham, England, I will summarize his findings first, then follow with mine.
There are no co-incidences. The relationships noted below explain the probable origin
of our common ancestor in Redesdale, Northumberland sometime around 1600-1650. The Northumberlands National Park studies on
Wingates Township and Elsdon village and Parish in Northumberland are very useful sources of background information that may
help us to find our common ancestor.
The memorandum also summarizes the known ancestry of Tom Reed of New Castle, Delaware
as far back as his research has taken him. There is a "missing link" yet to be identified that connects Mick Reed’s
known ancestors with John Reed of Virginia, Tennessee, Alabama and Pennsylvania.
II. ANCESTRY OF MICHAEL REED
A. Generation One
1 William Reed (b. ca. 1735 unk. d. aft 1786 unk).
William Reed (reference number 1) was a resident of Monkwearmouth from 1767 to 1786.
He married Isabella Grey on 4 January 1767 in St. Peter’s Church, Monkwearmouth (from St. Peter’s marriage records
bishop’s transcripts Bishop of Durham).
CHILDREN
11 Mary Reed b. 12 Nov 1767 Monkwearmouth
12 John Reed, b. 24 Aug 1769 Monkwearmouth, d. 16 Oct 1860 Wingate Twp, Longhorsley
Parish County Northumberland, b. churchyard Longhorsley with several family members
13 Isabella Reed b. abt 1773
14 Jane Reed, b. 19 Jun 1775 Monkwearmouth
15 Elizabeth Reed, b. 22 May 1778 Monkwearmouth
16 Anthony Reed b. 7 Jun 1780 Monwearmouth
17 William Reed, b. 1783 Mongwearmouth1
2. John Reed (b. ca.1750 d. aft 18 Oct. 1790 Wingates Twp.)
John Reed’s will from the ecclesiastical court records held by the University
of Durham was
the will of an unmarried man who left specific bequests to his brothers William and
Anthony, and willed his farm lease to his brother Anthony who lived at Coal yard in the chaplery of Netherwitten, Northumberland.
He also willed personal property to his niece Judith Reed who lived with him.
3. Anthony Reed ( b. ca 1750 d. aft. 7 Jun 1805 Coal Yard) Anthony, John Reed’s
brother, also a bachelor willed most of his property to his nephew John Turner, with specific bequests to nephews William
and John Reed. The devise to John Turner included his farm lease in Wingates willed to him by John Reed.
John and Anthony Reed’s wills make specific bequests to Isabella, John and
William Reed, who appear to be children of William Reed & Isabella Grey. One may safely conclude that Anthony, John and
William Reed(1) were brothers. More work needs to be done to confirm this inference.
B. Generation Two
12. John Reed b. 24 Aug 1769 d. 16 Oct 1860 Wingate, Longhorsley. John Reed (12)
moved to Wingate Township before his uncle Anthony’s death in 1805. He had married Jane Storey on 6 June 1793 stating
his residence was Longhorsley, according to the Bishop of Durham’s marriage transcription. John Reed died in 1860 and
is buried at Longhorsley. His grave is marked with a stone that lists his children.
CHILDREN
121 Thomas Reed b. Jun 1795 Longhorsley d. bef 1801 unk
122 Isabel Reed b. abt 1794 Longhorsley d. unk
123 Jane Reed b. abt 1796 Longhorsley d. unkv.
124 William Reed b. 10 Feb 1798 Longhorsley d. unk
125 John Reed b. 27 Dec. 1799 Longhorsley d. unk
126 Thomas Reed b. 27 Dec 1801 Longhorsley d. unk
127 Isabella Reed b. 3 Mar 1804 Longhorsley d. unk
128 Mary Reed b. 24 Nov 1804 Longhorsley d. unk
129 Barbara Reed b. abt 1805 Longhorsley d. unk
12(10) Anthony Storey Reed b.25 Apr 1808 Longhorsley d. unk (executor of William
Reed’s 1856 will)
12(11) Mary Reed b. 24 Nov 1809 Longhorsley d. unk
121(12) Ann Reed b.17 Jun 1811 Longhorsley d. unk
121 (13)Nicholas Reed b. abt 1813 Longhorsley d. unk
17. William Reed b. 1783, Monkwearmouth, County Durham, d. 18 Jun 1856 Clerkenwell,
Middlesex London) is a well-documented London skilled tradesman and undertaker. His 1856 will was probated. John Mawman Reed,
his son and nephew Anthony Storey Reed (also a builder) were his executors
CHILDREN
171 Mary Reed, b. ca. 1817 Clerkenwell, Middlesex
172 Robert Middleton Reed, b. ca. 1817-22 Clerkenwell, Middlesex
173 William Middleton Reed b. ca. 1817-24 Clerkenwell, Middlesex
174 John Mawman Reed b. ca. 1827 Clerkwenwell, Middlesex
175 Elizabeth Middleton Reed b. 21 Jan 1831 Clerkenwell, Middlesex
176 Isabella Ann Reed (b. 1 Oct 833 Clerkenwell, Middlesex
C. Third Generation
171 Mary Reed b. ca. 1817 Clerkenwell, Middlesex, living 1878 m. Edmonson ca. 1835-40.
Mary Reed Edmonson’s children have not been identified. She took over administration of William Reed 1’s estate
in 1878 when John Mawman Reed died.
172 Robert Middleton Reed , b. ca. 1817-22 Clerkenwell, Middlesex m. Jane Beall 21
Apr 1849 Clerkenwell Middlesex, d aft 1849 unk. No children as yet identified
173 William Middleton Reed b. ca. 1817-24 Clerkenwell, Middlesex. No information
on any spouse or children from William M. Reed.
174 John Mawman Reed b. ca. 1827 christened 27 Dec 1827, d. 17 Aug 1878 Clerkwenwell,
Middlesex. John M. Reed was a Clerkwenwell undertaker for about 30 years. He married Celia Susanna Bielfefeld on 3 Dec 1853
in Clerkenwell.
CHILDREN
1741 William J. Reed b. abt 1852 Clerkenwell, Middlesex, d aft 1900 Clerkenwell
1742 Henry James Reed, b. 30 Jan 1856 Clerkenwell, Middlesex, d. Clerkenwell
1743 Charles Reed b. bet 1853 and 1879 Clerkenwell Middlesx, d. unk
1744 Elizabeth Reed b. bet 1853 and 1879 Clerkenwell Middlesx, d. unk
1745 Amelia Elizabeth Lorimer Reed b. 9 Jul 1860 Clerkenwell Middlesx, d. unk
175 Elizabeth Middleton Reed 175 b. 21 Jan 1831 Clerkenwell, Middlesex, d. aft 1888
m. Charles W. Mutlow 9 Apr 1853 Clerkwenwell
CHILDREN
1751 Kate Mutlow, b. abt 1858 Islington London d. unk
1752 Elizabeth Mutlow, b. abt 1867, Hackney, Middlesex
1753 Arthur Mutlow, b. abt 1874 Hackney, Middlesex
1754 William Mutlow, b. abt 1876 Hackney, Middlesex
176 Isabella Ann Reed (b. 1 Oct 833 Clerkenwell, Middlesex
12(10). Anthony Storey Reed (son of John Reed b. 1769 Monkwearmouth) b. 25 Apr 1808
Wingates Longhorsley, County Northumberland d. 1873 Walthamstowe, Essex. Anthony S. Reed was a builder working in Essex east
of Londong for about 50 years.
CHILDREN
12(10)1 Ellen Reed b. ca. 1844 Walthamstowe, Essex
12(10)2 Jane Reed b. ca. 1846 Walthamstowe, Essex
12(10)3 James Reed b. ca. 1848 Walthamstowe, Essex
D. Fourth Generation
1741 William J. Reed, b. abt 1852 Clerkenwell, Middlesex, d aft 1900 unk Clerkenwell
Furniture dealer.
CHILDREN:
17411 Blanche Reed b. ca 1883 Clerkenwell, d. aft 1920 unk
17412 Annie Reed b. ca. 1885 Clerkenwell d. aft 1920
17413 Maud Reed b, ca 1887 Walworth London d. unk
17414 Ellen Reed, b. ca. 1889 St. Lukes, London d. unk
17415 Celia Reed b. ca. 1892 Clerkenwell, London, d. unk
17416 Maria Reed b. ca. 1895 Clerkenwell, London, d. unk
17417 May Reed b. ca. 1897 Clerkenwell, London, d. unk
17418 William Reed b. ca 1900 Clerkenwell, London
1742 Henry James Reed , b. 30 Jan 1856 Clerkenwell, Middlesex, d. Clerkenwell aft
1910. Henry J. Reed was a printer and printer’s laborer for most of his adult life. Late n life he took up carpentry.
He married Eliza J. Walter 3 September 1876 at St. Giles Cripplegate Church London
CHILDREN:
17421 Amelia Elizabeth Reed b. 27 Dec 1876 Clerkenwell, London, d. unk
17422 William James Reed b. 20 Oct 1880 Clerkwnwell, d.
17423 Celia Amelia Reed b. ca. 1883 Clerkenwell, d. unk
17424 Thomas Reed b. ca. 1885 Clerknwell, d. unk
17425 George Reed b. ca 1888 Clerkenwell, d. unk
17426 Alfred Reed, b. ca. 1890 Clerkenwell, d. unk
17427 Annie May Reed v. 4 Aug 1891, Clerkenwell, d. unk
1743 Charles Reed, b. bet 1853 and 1879 Clerkenwell Middlesx, d. unk. Nothing is
known about this man or his family, if any, at this time.
1744 Elizabeth Reed, b. bet 1853 and 1879 Clerkenwell Middlesx, d. unk. Nothing more
is known about Elizabeth Reed 1744 at this time.
1745 Amelia Elizabeth Lorimer Reed, b. 9 Jul 1860 Clerkenwell Middlesx, d. unk
m. Thomas Waterhouse d. unk
CHILD
17451 Violet Waterhouse, b. ca. 1883 Westminster, London d. unk
E. Fifth Generation
17422 William James Reed 17422 b. 20 Oct 1880 Clerkenwell, d. aft 1915 unk., m. Annie
May Reed a/k/a Hannah Walters 1915
CHILDREN:
174221 William Reed, b. 1914 Clerkenwell, London d. Jan 2008 unk
[nine other children unmentioned]
F. Sixth Generation
174221 William Reed, b. 1914 Clerkenwell, London d. Jan 2008 unk m. 1942
CHILDREN
1742211 Michael Reed b. 1942 London-living 2008
III. ANCESTRY OF THOMAS J. REED
A. First Generation
1. John Reed (b. 18 Feb 1776 Pennsylvania, d. ca. 1848 Alabama)
John Reed 1 was identified in 1981 from Jacob W. Reed’s History of the Reed
Family in the United States (1861). According to J. W. Reed, John Reed was born February 18, 1776. He married "Miss Bishop"
in Virginia and later settled in Alabama. This brief account does not give a complete picture of John Reed's migration. According
to his son's statements on two U.S. Census returns, John Reed was born in Pennsylvania. His eldest son, James, born in 1807,
was a native of Virginia. Isaac P. Reed, William Reed and Thomas Reed, his next three sons, born between
1814 and 1818, were natives of Tennessee. John Reed's youngest son, Johns born in the late 1820's, may have been a native
of Alabama. John Reed left Virginia sometime between 1807 and 1814 and settled somewhere in Tennessee. Around 1830, he migrated
to Alabama, settling near Town Creek in northwestern Lawrence County. Reed's relocation to Lawrence County, Alabama ca. 1830
is confirmed by two tax deeds to him from the County Treasurer in 1831 and 1833, and by his presence in the 1830 and 1840
U.S. Censuses for Lawrence County, Alabama. John Reed does not appear in the 1850 census, although several of his children
appear in the census as heads of families. According to J.W. Reed, John Reed died in a yellow fever epidemic. Extant records
do not show a yellow fever epidemic in northern Alabama from 1840 to 1850. The 1848 cholera epidemic, however, did strike
that region. It is probable that John Reed was a casualty of that scourge. He was survived by several sons and daughters:
James Reed, William Reed, Isaac P.Reed, Thomas C. Reed, John Reed, Jane Reed, Margaret Reed McGee, Eveline Reed, Huldah or
Hannah Reed, Nancy Reed and Frances Reed..
CHILDREN
11 James Reed b 10 April 1807, Virginia, d. 9 September 1876, Missouri City, Clay
County Missouri . James Reed moved with his parents to Tennessee and probably to Alabama before leaving home and migrating
to Ray County, Missouri. James Reed married Nancy Pitts, November 6, 1827 in Ray County, Missouri. He was a hatter by trade.
In the 1850's he moved to nearby Clay County, Missouri to the town of Missouri City on the Missouri River, which was located
on the north bank opposite Independence. He opened a general mercantile store with his brother, Thomas C. Reed. In 1863, Confederate
raiders sacked the town of Missouri City and the Reed store. The James brothers were identified as members of the guerrilla
band.
James Reed was Missouri City's justice of the peace for about 12 years before his
death in 1876, survived by his widow, Nancy, and by five children: Sarah, Margaret, John W., Mary (Molly) and Isabella. The
Reed store continued to operate after his death for several years.
12 Margaret Reed b. ca. 1810 Tennessee, d. unk. Margaret Reed was probably born in
Tennessee around 1810. She migrated with her parents to Lawrence County, Alabama, where she married Daniel Mcchee of Lawrence
County. Nothing more is known about her at this time.
13 Isaac Pearson b, ca. 1814 Tennessee, d. 1888 Gober, Fannin County, Texas. Isaac
Pearson Reed, usually known as "Pearson Reed", was born in Tennessee ca. 1814. His parents left Tennessee around 1820 and
settled in Lawrence County, Alabama. Pearson Reed married Elizabeth Pickens Henderson of Lawrence County on April 14, 1835
before Rev. C. M. Donald of the Disciples of Christ. In the 1840's Isaac and Elizabeth Reed may have lived for a few years
in nearby Walker County, since their eldest son stated in his Confederate enlistment papers that he was born in Walker County
(now Winston County) in the early 1840. Pearson Reed was a saddle & harness maker by trade. The Reed family left Lawrence
County between 1850 and 1860 for Tishomingo County, Mississippi. Isaac became postmaster of the town of Farmington, five miles
east of Corinth. By 1860 Isaac and Elizabeth Reed had moved to McNairy County, Tennessee near the railroad station
known as Anderson's Store on the Mobile & Ohio Railroad. Pearson was a tenant farmer at that time, apparently giving up
his saddle & harness business.9 Pearson & Elizabet.h Reed left Mississippi in 1868 for Fannin County, Texas. Elizabeth̓s
parents Robert and Margaret Henderson and her brother, Robert P. Henderson, emigrated to Texas in the mid 1850's. Pearson
& Elizabeth Reed settled six miles southeast of Bonham, near the town of Gober. Around 1880, Isaac sold his holdings and
moved in with his son, Thomas C. Reed, who was living in Ladonia about ten miles east of Gober. Elizabeth Reed died in l887.
Pearson died September 29, l888 in Ladonia.31 Pearson and Elizabeth Reed had nine children who survived
to become adults: James, Robert, Margaret, Frances, Thomas C., John, Samuel, Thaddeus and Milton.
14 William B. Reed b. ca. 1815, Tennessee, d. 1861 Lawrence County, Alabama. William
B. Reed was born in Tennessee, probably between1814 and 1816. He move with his parents to Lawrence County, Alabama. On August
20, 1849, he married Delana Flowers of Lawrence County. William Reed was a saddle & harness maker. He resided in Lawrence
County, Alabama at the beginning of the Civil War, dying in late 1861 William and Delana Reed had five children living at
the time of the 1860 U.S. Census for Lawrence County: Charles A., Sarah F., William J., Mary L. and Prisci1la.
15 Thomas C. Reed b. 2 October 1816, Tennessee, d. 30 January1883, Missouri City,
Clay County, Missouri. Thomas C. Reed was born in Tennessee. He moved with his parents to Lawrence County Alabama around 1830,
but chose to leave home with his brother James and emigrate to Ray County, Missouri. He is listed in the 1850 U.S. Census
for Ray County, Missouri, together with his wife, Emily. Just prior to 1860, the Reed brothers moved to Missouri City, Missouri,
and set up their general store. For a time, Tom Reed maintained a hemp warehouse on the Missouri River. Torn Reed was a director
of the Missouri City Savings Bank, a Sanitary Commission agent during the Civil War, and post master of Missouri City. He
died January 30, 1883 in Missouri City. His wife Emily died in 1878. Tom and Emily Reed had three children: Sarah Frances
(Fanny), John Wesley and Alfred S. Reed.
16 Eveline Reed b. ca.— 1813 Tennessee, d. unk Eveline Reed is listed in John
Reed̓s biography as one of his children. A woman named Evelyn Reed married Brazil Waites August 19, 1829 in Lawrence
County, Alabama. If this woman is our Eveline Reed, she would have to have been at least 16 and probably 20 or 21 at the time
of her marriage, and would therefore have been born between 1809 and 1813. However, nothing further is known about the life
of Evelyn Reed at this time.
17 John Reed b. 1820—21 Alabama, d. unk. John Reed was born in Alabama in 1820—21.
He emigrated to California before 1850, and was living in the mining camp of Coloma, El Dorado County, California in 1850,
where he was listed as a merchant. J.W. Reed's biography of John Reed also states that young John Reed lived in California.
Nothing further is known of John Reed at this writing, although future research into extant California records may help to
locate him and perhaps his descendants.
B. Second Generation
11. James Reed, b. 10 Apr. 1807 Virginia d 9 Sep. 1876 Missouri City, Clay County,
Missouri. James Reed married Nancy Pitts, November 6, 1827 in Ray County, Missouri.
CHILDREN
111 Sarah Reed b. 24 Oct. 1838 Ray County, Missouri, died 1933 , Missouri City, Missouri.
Sarah Reed was born in Ray County, Missouri. She moved with her parents to Missouri City. She succeeded her father and her
uncle Tom as postmistress for Missouri City. She married Lewis Hopkins, a local attorney, July 24, 1881, in Missouri City.
Mr. Hopkins had a large family by his first wife, but no children by his second wife. Lewis Hopkins died December 17, 1914.
Sarah Reed died in 1933 during the administration of Franklin D. Roosevelt. She had been born during the presidency of Martin
van Buren.
112 Margaret Reed b. 1840 Ray County, Missouri d. unk Margaret Reed was born in Ray
County, Missouri, moving with her parents to Missouri City as a child. She did not marry, and at one time in the 1890's served
as Missouri City's postmistress for a few years. Her gravestone in Missouri City cemetery does not carry a date of death.
113 John W. Reed b. 1842 , Ray County, Missouri, d. 1906 unk. John W. Reed was a
bridgebuilder by trade, who erected wooden and iron bridges throughout western Missouri. Eventually, he relocated to Norbonne,
Carroll County, Missouri by 1680. It is not known whether he married and had children. His grave in the Missouri City Cemetery
would indicate he died single.
114 Mary (Molly) Reed , b. 1846 Ray County, Missouri, d. unk. Molly Reed was born
in Ray County, Missouri and moved to Missouri City with her parents. Around 1870 she married Arthur Leopold of Missouri City.
Mr. Leopold ran a restaurant in Missouri City for a number of years. By 1885, the Leopolds had left Missouri City. They left
one daughter, Nannie, aged five, in the Missouri City Cemetery.
115 Isabella Reed b 1848, Ray County, Missouri, d. unk. Isabella Reed appears in
her father's household in the 1850 U.S. census for Ray County, Missouri. She does not appear in the 1860 census, and probably
died as an infant in Ray County before her family moved to Missouri City.
13 Isaac Pearson b, ca. 1814 Tennessee, d. 1888 Gober, Fannin County, Texas. Isaac
Pearson Reed, married Elizabeth Pickens Henderson of Lawrence County on April 14,
1835 before Rev. C. M. Donald of the Disciples of Christ.
CHILDREN:
131 James Reed b. Winston County Alabama, 1837 d. 1863, Gettysburg Pennsylvania.
James Reed was born in Walker County, Alabama, according to his Confederate Army enlistment papers. This accounts for the
absence of Isaac Reed's household in the 1840 census for Lawrence County, Alabama. James Reed is described on the muster roll
of the Tishomingo Rifles (Co."A", 2d Mississippi Infantry) as 5'9" tall, fair complexion, blue eyes and red hair. He was a
farmer before enlisting. The 2d Mississippi saw little action during the first two years of the Civil War. It had been assigned
to the Norfolk—Portsmouth area. In 1863, their brigade, commanded by Brig. Gen. Joseph Davis, Jefferson Davis' nephew,
was reassigned to the Army of Northern Virginia. The 2d Mississippi opened the fighting on the first day of the Battle of
Gettysburg. James Reed was one of the many soldiers killed in the "railroad cut" on the battlefield where the 2d Mississippi
was caught in a cross fire and nearly annihilated. The available Confederate records do not show that James Reed was married.
132 Robert Reed b. 1838 Lawrence County, Alabama, d. aft 1880 Texas. Robert Reed
was named for his maternal grandfather, Robert Henderson. Robert was born in Alabama, and moved to Mississippi with his family.
He may have served in the Confederate Army, since Thomas C. Reed's service record mentions a brother serving in the 28th Mississippi
Cavalry regiment. After the Civil War, Robert Reed was living with his father in Fannin County, Texas, in 1870 and in 1880
was residing with a female named "M. B. Reed" aged 16 who may have been his daughter. Nothing more is known about him. The
Robert Henderson family bible owned by Mrs. Zora Wisdom of Bonham, Texas, states that" R. P. Reed departed this life Mar.
the 5th, 1893". This entry may refer to our Robert Reed.
133 Margaret Reed b. 1840, Lawrence County, Alabama, d. aft 1900 Corsicana Texas.Margaret
Reed was born in Alabama and mowed with her family to Mississippi and eventually to Fannin County, Texas. She is listed as
single in the 1870 U.S. Census. The final settlement of Thad Reed's estate paid a legacy to three heirs of a deceased sister
of Thad Reed, Carroll T. Bushon, Mrs. Minnie Evans and Mrs. Maggie Williams. These people resided in Corsicana, Texas around
1910. If so, they must either be the children of Margaret Reed or Frances Reed. However, nothing positive has been found to
link these three people to either Reed daughter.
134 Frances Reed b. 1842, Lawrence County, Alabama, d. aft 1900 Texas. Frances Reed
was born in Alabama and moved with her family to Mississippi and to Texas. In 1870, she was living with her parents in Fannin
County as "Frances Stansell". She had two children, Mary J. aged 4 and Margaret aged 8. The 1860 U.S. Census for Fannin County,
Texas, listed two Stansell families. The T. Stansell family had a son Albert, aged 15. The W.A. Stansell family had an 11
year old son named Tully. A Mrs. M.M. McAlester of Dallas, Texas, participated in distribution of Thad Reed's estate as his
surviving sister. This woman was either Margaret or Frances Reed.
135 Thomas Clark Reed b 16 March 1843 Lawrence County, Alabama, d. 24 March 1923,
Ladonia, Fannin County, Texas. Tom C. Reed, my great grandfather, was one of the most interesting individuals in our family.
He was born March 16, 1843 in Lawrence County, Alabama. Apparently, he left home at about 15—16 and went to Texas. In
1861, he enlisted in a 6 months militia unit under the famous Texas Ranger, Col. John E. Ford.61 After the expiration
of his term, he enlisted in Company "G" 27th Texas Cavalry, serving in Brig. Gen. Lawrence Sullivan Ross’s Texas Cavalry
Brigade through the Battle of Corinth Mississippi in October, 1862. Tom Reed fell ill and was captured by Unio forces after
the battle. One of his captors Capt. James Reed, happened to be a cousin who arranged for Tom Reed to go home to his parents
rather than to a prison camp. On furlough hone, he attached himself to some independent cavalry company which was later merged
into the 16th Tennessee Cavalry Regiment (also known as the 21st Tennessee Cavalry), commanded by Col. Andrew N. Wilson. The
16th Tennessee Cavalry became part of Maj. Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest̓s cavalry corps operating in western Mississippi
and in western and middle Tennessee. This command took park in the capture of Ft. Pillow in April, 1864, the battles of Bryce's
Cross Roads,, June 15, 1864, Harrisburg, July 7, 1864, and the raids on Memphis, Tennessee, in August, 1864 and Johnsonville,
Tennessee in October, 1864. Forrest's cavalry covered the withdrawal of Lt. Gen. John B. Hood's shattered Army of the Tennessee
in December, 1864, and vainly tried to stop Maj. Gen. John H. Wilson's cavalry raid on Selma, Alabama, in March and April,
1865
After the War, Tom C. Reed, his mother and father, and at least two widowed sisters,
moved to Texas around 1868. They moved to Fannin County, Texas, where Henderson relatives had settled in the late 1850's.
On February 28, 1875, Tom Reed married Mary J. Miller, daughter of Rev. Noah Miller and Elizabeth Tabor, in Ladonia, Texas.
Mary Jane was an identical twin. The two Miller sisters were married on the same day. Rev. Miller officiated.65 Mr.
and Mrs. Reed had seven children: Forrest T. Daisy, Lilly, Paul C., William T, Pansy E. and John M. Reed. Tom C. Reed operated
a livery stale at Ladonia and at Honey Grove in Fannin County from 1880 to the early part of this century.
Tom C. Reed was a very vigorous man. At 75, he went swimming regularly at the YMCA
and still used the diving board. He died suddenly in March, 1923, shortly after his 80th birthday.
136 John Reed , b. 1845, Lawrence County, Alabama,. d. unk. Nothing is known of this
child of Isaac and Elizabeth Reed.
137 Samuel Reed b. 1846, Lawrence County, Alabama, d. unk Samuel may have been named
for his mother's brother Rev. Samuel Henderson. Nothing is known of this child of Isaac and Elizabeth.
138 Thaddeus Reed , b. 1847 Lawrence County, Alabama, d. 1909, Fannin County, Texas.
Thad Reed was too young to serve in the War Between the States. He made the trip to Texas with Tom and his parents in 1868.
In 1891, he married Mary E. Biggerstaff Henderson, widow of John S. Henderson, a second cousin on his mother's side. Thad
and Mary Reed had no children of their own, but Thad raised John Henderson's children as his own. John and Mary Henderson's
eldest son William Elbert Henderson, was the father of our Henderson cousins that live in Utah, and the Henderson side of
the Webb family of Fannin County.
139 Milton Reed , b.1849 Lawrence County, Alabama, d. aft. 1910, Hunt County, Texas.
Milton Reed lived most of his adult life in Hunt County, Texas. He married Mary Butler, daughter of F. A. Butler of Fannin
County, Texas, November 11, 1870. In the 1880 Census for Fannin County, Milt and Mary Reed had two children, Lulah Ann, born
in 1873 and John T., born in 1875. This branch of the family has not been fully researched, and it is expected that their
descendants may be located somewhere in Texas.
14 William B. Reed b. ca. 1815, Tennessee, d. 1861 Lawrence County, Alabama. On August
20, 1849, he married Delana Flowers in Lawrence County, Alabama. He was a saddle & harness maker.
CHILDREN
141 Charles Andrew Reed (b. 11 Oct. 1851, Lawrence County, Alabama d. 15 Oct. 1882
Jackson County, Alabama. Charles Reed is listed in William Reed̓s household in the 1860 U.S. Census for Lawrence County,
Alabama. He married Mary Brandon 29 January 1874 in Jackson County, Alabama.
142 Sarah F. Reed b.1854 Lawrence County, Alabama, d. aft 1878 Jackson County, Alabama.
Sarah F. Reed was listed in her father's household in the 1860 U.S. Census. She married Thomas Benton Pierce 22 December 1878
in Jackson County, Alabama.
143 William Thomas. Reed b.1855 Lawrence County, Alabama, died 10 January 1890, Fannin
County, Texas. William Reed appears in his father's household in the 1860 U.S. Census. He married (1) Tincy Hayes, (2) Eunice
Hayes
144 Mary Lewis Reed b.1857 Lawrence County, Alabama, d. 1879 Jackson County, Alabama..
Mary L. Reed appears in her father's household in the 1860 U.S. Census. She married Thomas Porter Kirby 15 August 1875 in
Jackson County, Alabama.
145 Priscilla Reed b. 1859 Lawrence County, Alabama, d. abt. 1869 unknown. Priscilla
Peed is the last child mentioned in the household of William & Delanah Reed in the 1860 U.S. Census for Lawrence County,
Alabama. Nothing more is known of her at present.
146 John Reed, b. 1861 Lawrence County, Alabama, d. aft 1861 unknown. John Reed appears
in the 1870 Jackson County, Alabama census but does not appear in any later records.
15 Thomas C. Reed 15 b. 2 October 1816, Tennessee, d. 30 January1883, Missouri City,
Clay County, Missouri. He married Emily Pitts in Ray County Missouri
CHILDREN
151 Frances (Fanny) Reed b. ca. 1858 Missouri City Missouri, d. unk . Fanny Reed
was born in Missouri City. In the 1870's and 1880's she was repeatedly mentioned in the "Liberty Advance" and "Liberty Tribune"
detailing parties and excursions for Missouri City's young people. Nothing more is known of her at this writing.
152 John Wesley Reed b 1863 Missouri City, Missouri, d.unk. John Wesley Reed should
not be confused with his first cousin John W. Reed, who was 21 years old when he was born. Nothing is really known of John
W. Reed at this writing.
C. Third Generation
135 Thomas Clark Reed 135 b 16 March 1843 Lawrence County, Alabama, d. 24 March 1923,
Ladonia, Fannin County, Texas, m. Mary Jane Miller, 1875 Ladonia, Fannin County, Texas.
CHILDREN:
1351 Forrest Thomas Reed b. 20 February 1876, Ladonia Texas, d. 1941 Dallas, Texas.
Forrest Reed was born in Ladonia, Fannin County, Texas. He married Maude Hendrix about 1900. They were childless. Maude was
a fine musician and singer. Her father was a minister. Forrest Reed worked for Southwestern Bell Telephone Company. He eventually
became district manager in Dallas, Texas. He retired from Southwestern Bell in 1940. He died quite suddenly the next year.
Maude Hendrix died in 1972 or 1973 in Dallas. Both are buried in Ladonia, Texas.
1352 Daisy Reed b. 1878 Ladonia Texas, died 1879, Ladonia, Texas Daisy Reed died
as an infant. Her grave is at the foot of her parents grave.
1353 Lilly Reed b. 1881, probably Honey Grove, Texas, d. 1900 Ladonia, Texas. Lilly
Reed fell out of a wagon drawn by her brother Forrest as a small child, permanently injuring her spine.
1354 Paul C. Reed, b. 17 March 1885, Honey Grove, Texas, d 7 November 1972, Wichita
Falls Texas. Paul C. Reed married Nell Wilson 8 Jun. 1908 in Pilot :Point, Texas. He was manager of the local telephone exchange
and his bride was one of his operators. Paul Reed worded for Southwest Bell from 1903 until 1915 when he started as an electrician
for the Fort Worth Street Railway. In 1918 he joined the Texas Pipeline Co as an electrician. He went up the ranks from lineman
to foreman and retired in 1950. Paul and Nell Reed lived in Burke Burnette Texas from 1921 to 1924 when they moved to Wichita
Falls. They built a house in 1929 then sold it and purchased a house at 1151 Avenue I in Wichita Falls near the High School.
My grandparents lived in the house on Avenue I for at least 30 years before their deaths.
Paul C. Reed was known as "Pap" among the family members, and his wife always called
herself "Nell." We grandchildren addressed them as "Nell and Pap" rather than Grandmother and Grandfather. Pap Reed was a
quiet reserved man who smoked cigars. In his youth he had been a semi-pro football player on a Galveston semi-pro team.
1355 Panzy E. Reed b 1 June 1890 Ladonia, Texas, d 25 May 1949 Dallas, Texas. Panzy
E. Reed was an early graduate of North Texas Teachers College who was a long-time elementary school teacher in Dallas. She
taught at Mount Auburn, Lida Hooe and Ben Milam elementary schools in Dallas before she died from cancer of the cervix in
1949.
1356 John Miller Reed, b. 1 August 1895 Ladonia, Texas, d. 30 March 1977 Dallas,
Texas. Johnnie M. Reed was the youngest child of Tom C. Reed and Mary J. Miller. He held a variety of retail sales positions
his last job being a counter man in an auto parts store. He married Eddrie his wife around 1918.
141 Charles Andrew Reed (b. 11 Oct. 1851, Lawrence County, Alabama d. 15 Oct. 1882
Jackson County, Alabama. Charles Reed is listed in William Reed̓s household in the 1860 U.S. Census for Lawrence County,
Alabama. He married Mary Brandon 29 January 1874 in Jackson County, Alabama.
CHILDREN:
1411 Beulah Reed, b 4 November 1874, Jackson County, Alabama, d. aft. 1904 Jackson
County, Alabama. She married Charles Hale 9 September 1904 in Jackson County, Alabama.
1412 Dilana Catherine Reed b 28 August 1876, Jackson County, Alabama, d. 22 March
1953, Gainesville, Cook County, Texas. She married Julian Houck Hancock 28 September 1895 in Jackson County, Alabama.
1413 Charles William Reed b. 16 April 1882, Jackson County, Alabama, d. aft 1914
Jackson County Alabama. He married Gertie Hignite before 1910.
142 Sarah F. Reed b.1854 Lawrence County, Alabama, d. aft 1878 Jackson County, Alabama.
Sarah F. Reed was listed in her father̓s household in the 1860 U.S. Census. She married Thomas Benton Pierce 22 December
1878 in Jackson County, Alabama.
CHILDREN
1421 Arthur Reed Pierce, b. 1874 Jackson County, Alabama d. 1908 unk. Arthur Pierce
married Lucinda King before 1900.
1422 Ella Virginia Pierce, b. 6 December 1875 Scottsboro, Alabama, d 9 May 1965 Scottsboro
Jackson County, Alabama. She married Earnest M. Donald Woods before 1901 in Jackson County, Alabama
1423 Priscilla Pierce, b. 1878 Scottsboro, Alabama,d. unk.
1424 Solomon Pierce, b. 1879 Scottsboro, Alabama, d. unk.
1425 Bartley Pierce, b. aft 1878 Scottsboro, Alabama, d. unk.
143 William Thomas Reed d b.1855 Lawrence County, Alabama, died 10 January 1890 Fannin
County, Texas. William Reed appears in his father̓s household in the 1860 U.S. Census. He married (1) Tincy Hayes, (2)
Eunice Hayes
CHILDREN W/ TINCY HAYES
1431 Pierce William Reed, b. 21 Feburary 1882, Ladonia, Texas, d. 23 December 1973,
Scottsboro, Alabama. Pierce Reed married Mae Hancock before 1905 in Scottsboro, Alabama
1432 Thomas Carl Reed, b. 12 April 1883 Ladonia, Texas, d. unk.
1433 Charles C. Reed, b. 5 October 1884, Ladonia, Texas, d. unk.
CHILDREN W/ EUNICE HAYES
1434 Tincy Reed b. 8 February 1886 unk. d. unk.
1435 Emma Reed, b. 11 March 1888, Scottsboro, Alabama, d. 19 March 1979, Erick, Beckham
County, Oklahoma.
144 Mary Lewis Reed b.1857 Lawrence County, Alabama, d. 1879 Jackson County, Alabama..
Mary L. Reed appears in her father̓s household in the 1860 U.S. Census. She married Thomas Porter Kirby 15 August 1875
in Jackson County, Alabama.
CHILDREN:
1441 Eva Jane Kirby, b. 1877 Scottsboro, Alabama, d. unk
1442 Charles Wesley Kirby, b. September 1878 Jackson County, Alabama, d. unk. He
married Leona Myrtle Oakley 29 December 1902, place unknown.
114 Mary (Molly) Reed , b. 1846 Ray County, Missouri, d. unk. She married Arthur
Leopold of Missouri City 4 September 1865. Mr. Leopold ran a restaurant in Missouri City for a number of years. The family
moved to Kansas City where Mr. Leopold had a number of jobs before dying in 1902.
CHILDREN
1141 Harvey Leopold b. 1866 Missouri City, Missouri, d. aft 1930 Kansas City, Missouri.
Harvey Leopold married Eris ca. 1915 in Kansas City Missouri
1142 John Leopold, b. 1868, Missouri City, Missouri, d. aft 1930 Kansas City Missouri.
Died unmarried after 1930.
1143 Arthur Leopold, b. Sep. 1876 Kansas City, Missouri, d. aft 1930 Kansas City,
Missouri
Arthur married Parkins abt 1923 Kansas City, Missouri. They had no children.
1144 Charles S. Leopold b. 23 Jul 1872, Kansas City Missouri, d. 1932 Kansas City
Missouri. Charles married Nancy "Nanna" McClellan abt 1903, Kansas City, Missouri. He was a machinist.
D. Fourth Generation
1354 Paul C. Reed, b. 17 March 1885, Honey Grove, Texas, d 7 November 1972, Wichita
Falls Texas. Paul C. Reed married Nell Wilson 8 Jun. 1908 in Pilot :Point, Texas.
CHILDREN
13541 Thomas Paul Reed b. 4 October 1909 Gainesville, Texas, d.19 March 1979 Bloomington,
Illinois. Thomas Paul (T.P.) Reed graduated from Wichita Falls High School in 1927. He attended Wichita Falls Junior College
from 1927 to 1929 and transferred to the University of Texas School of Engineering in September, 1929. He supported himself
as a short order cook during college. He left school in January, 1930 and went to work for Empire Pipeline Co. as a lineman
thanks to his father̓s connections with the company. Tom Reed was transferred from Wichita Falls to Tulsa, Oklahoma,
in the mid 1930̓s and then to Wilmington, Illinois, in 1936, because Empire was laying a crude oil pipeline to Chicago.
He stayed at a boarding house in Wilmington operated by James and Emma Dorsey. The Dorseys had three unmarried daughters,
and in short order he was engaged to the middle daughter, Bernardine. They were married in St. Rose Church, Wilmington, Illinois,
in June, 1937.80 Mr. and Mrs. Reed had three children: Thomas J., Judith M. and John P. Reed. The Reeds then moved to Tulsa
for two years, then back to Illinois in 1939. In 1943, the Illinois offices of the pipeline company were relocated to Bloomington,
and the Reeds moved to that community. T.P. Reed became electrical maintenance supervisor for the Illinois district of the
pipeline. He left his position in 1956 to start his own electrical contracting business. He was the owner and master electrician
for Reed Electric from 1956 to 1979.
In 1954, T.P. Peed became a convert to Catholicism. His wife was a Catholic, which
had been very difficult for his staunch Methodist mother to accept. Catholicism seemed to agree with him for most of the rest
of his life, although in fairness, he had no love for the Vatican II reforms. T.P. Reed joined the Knights of Columbus in
l956. In 1956, as he was going to work near Heyworth, Illinois, for the pipe line company, he saw a house on fire by the roadside
and pulled off the highway. He ran to the door, pounded on it to awaken the occupants, and got them out safely before the
fire department arrived.
During 1933—34, he put together a sail boat called the "Mint Julep" together
with his long time friend Bill Fay, in the back yard of Fay̓s Wichita Falls home.84
13542 Nell Wilson Reed b. 21 April 1915, Gainesville, Texas, d. 2006 ,Donna Texas.
Nell Reed was born in Wichita Falls, and graduated from high school and business college in Wichita Falls. In 1935, she married
William A. (Mac) McLean, who worked for Southwestern Bell Telephone Co. Mr. and Mrs. McLean had two children, Patricia Nell
and Mary Jane. Mr. McLean died of cancer in 1952. His widow married Norman Bruner in 1956. Bruner was then an Air Force Staff
Sergeant stationed at Sheppard Air Force Base, Wichita Falls. In 1960, Bruner enrolled at Southern Methodist University, received
his B.A. and graduated from Perkins School of Theology. Mrs. Bruner helped to put her husband through divinity school by working
in several different jobs. After ordination, Rev. Bruner was assigned to the Methodist Conference of Texas and was called
to a number of small churches in the Dallas region before his retirement in 1989. Rev, and Mrs. Bruner had no children.
1356 John M. Reed b. 1 August 1895 Ladonia, Texas, d. 30 March 1977 Dallas, Texas,
married Eddrie his wife around 1918.
CHILDREN
13461 Doris Reed b. 25 June 1925, Dallas, Texas, d. 2005) Doris Reed married Loren
Bowie in 1947. Mr. and Mrs. Bowie lived in Dallas, Texas. They had no children
13462 Living 2007.
1412 Dilana Catherine Reed b 28 August 1876, Jackson County,
Alabama, d. 22 March 1953, Gainesville, Cook County, Texas. She married Julian Houck Hancock 28 September 1895 in Jackson
County, Alabama.
CHILDREN:
14121 Faye Hancock b. 26 Aug 1906 Collinsville, Grayson County, Texas, d. unk. She
married Roscoe McGhee 23 October 1930 in Mariette County, Oklahoma
14122 William Herbert Hancock b. 28 Aug. 1910 Collinsville, Grayson County, Texas,
d. unk.
1421 Arthur Reed Pierce, b. 1874 Jackson County, Alabama d. 1908 unk. Arthur Pierce
married Lucinda King before 1900. They had no children.
1422 Ella Virginia Pierce, b. 6 December 1875 Scottsboro, Alabama, d. 9 May 1965
Scottsboro Jackson County, Alabama. She married Earnest M. Donald Woods before 1901 in Jackson County, Alabama. Mr. and Mrs.
Woods had no children.
1431 Pierce William Reed, b. 21 February 1882, Ladonia, Texas, d. 23 December 1973,
Scottsboro, Alabama. Pierce Reed married Mae Hancock before 1905 in Scottsboro, Alabama
CHILDREN
14311 John Delbert Reed, b. 26 Feb. 1905, Scottsboro, Alabama, d 1 November 1981
Scottsboro Alabama. He married Lora Teola Caughey 31 October 1932 in Eric, Beckham County, Oklahoma.
14312 Nina Tincy Reed, b. 12Oct 1912, Scottsboro, Alabama, d. unk. She married William
Byron Murray 1 May 1943 in Scottsboro, Alabama.
14313 James Thomas Reed, b. 16 May 1915, Scottsboro, Alabama, d. 31 October 1981,
Scottsboro, Alabama. He married Alma Christine Williams 24 October 1936 in Scottsboro, Alabama.
14314 Sybil Irene Reed, b. 25 November 1918, Scottsboro, Alabama, d. 17 January 1976
Scottsboro, Alabama. She married Thomas William Phillips 20 November 1937 in Scottsboro.
14315 Thelma Mae Reed b. 28 November 1921, d. unk.
14316 William Jackson Reed, b. 29 November 1926, Eric, Oklahoma, d. unk. He married
Ethel Mildred Benson 21 February 1948 in Rising Fawn, Walker County, Georgia.
1141 Harvey Leopold b. 1866 Missouri City, Missouri, d. aft 1930
Kansas City, Missouri. Harvey Leopold married Eris ca. 1915 in Kansas City Missouri
CHILDREN:
11411 Frederick Leopold b. 1914-15 Kansas City, Missouri, d. unk
11412 Harvey Leopold, b. 1916-17 Kansas City, Missouri, d. unk
1144 Charles S. Leopold b. 23 Jul 1872, Kansas City Missouri, d. 1932 Kansas City
Missouri. Charles married Nancy "Nanna" McClellan abt 1903, Kansas City, Missouri. He was a machinist.
CHILDREN
11441 Edgar Scott Leopold, b. 3 January 2006 Kansas City, Missouri, died 8 December
1991 San Diego, California. Edgar Leopold was a retired U.S. Navy Chief Petty Officer.
11442 Charles Winfrey Leopold, b. 3 May 1980, Kansas City, Missouri, d. 5 November
1930, Kansas City, Missouri, unmarried no issue.
11443 Mary Elizabeth Leopold, b. 1910, d. 1920 without issue.
11444 Naomi Leopold, b. 12 September 1912 Kansas City, Missouri, d. 31 July 1988
Yuma, Arizona. She married Donald Knouse abt. 1930.
11445 Living 2002.
E. Fifth Generation
13541 Thomas P. Reed, b. 4 Oct 1909 Gainesville, Texas, d. 19 Mar. 1979 Bloomington,
IL m. Bernardine M. Dorsey 1937 Wilmington, Illinois
CHILDREN:
135411 Thomas J. Reed b. 1 January 1940, Joliet, Illinois. Thomas J. Reed was born
in Joliet, Illinois. He attended local public and private schools in Bloomington, Illinois, and graduated from Holy Trinity
(now Central Catholic) High School in 1952. He graduated from Marquette University in 1962 with a B.A. in political science,
and was commissioned a 2d Lieutenant, U.S. Marine Corps June 3,1962. During his four years active duty, Tom Peed served in
the Dominican Republic crisis of 1965, and was awarded the Air Medal and Navy Commendation Medal. In 1966, he enrolled in
the Notre Dame Law School and received his J.D. in 1969. Upon graduation, he was employed by Reller, Mendenhall, Kleinknecht
& Milligan, Richmond, Indiana, as an associate. In 1976 he left law practice to become Assistant Professor of Law at Western
New England College School of Law, Springfield, Massachusetts. In 1981, he left Western new England for a position at Delaware
Law School of Widener University. In 1984, he was appointed Associate Dean. Tom Reed married Emily A. Fabrycki of South Bend,
Indiana, December 29, 1962, in St. Matthew's Cathedral, South Bend. Mrs. Reed holds a MPA from the University of Hartford
and a Ph.D. from the University of Massachusetts in State and Local Government. They have two adopted children.88
135412 Living 2007.
135413 Living 2007.
3542 Nell Wilson Reed b. 21 April 1915,
Gainesville, Texas, d. 2006 ,Donna Texas. Nell Reed was born in Wichita Falls, and graduated from high school and business
college in Wichita Falls. In 1935, she married William A. (Mac) McLean, who worked for Southwestern Bell Telephone Co. Mr.
and Mrs. McLean had two children, 135421 and 135422 both of whom are living in 2007. Mr. McLean died of cancer in 1952.
CHILDREN:
135421 Living
135422 Living 2007
C. 13462 Living 2007.
CHILDREN
134621 Living 2007.
134622 Living 2007.
D.11444 Naomi Leopold, b. 12 September 1912 Kansas City, Missouri, d. 31 July 1988
Yuma, Arizona. She married Donald Knouse abt. 1930.
CHILDREN:
114441 Living 2008.
11442 Living 2008.
IV. ENGLISH LOCATIONS
A. Monkwearmouth, County Durham.
William Reed, the ancestor of Mick Reed came down from northeastern England to London
about 1820. Prior to 1820 he lived in Monkwearmouth, County Durham. Monkwearmouth today is a suburb of Durham, across the
River Wear from Durham Castle and Durham Cathedral. It was a far older settlement than Durham. The Venerable Bede, England’s
first serious scholar and historian was born in Monkwearmouth in the 8th century. The parish church of St. Peter’s
Monkwearmouth, was originally built in the 9th century, although much modified and modernized by later pastors.
Mick’s earliest ancestor, William Reed 1, was a carpenter working in Monkwearmouth
in the late 18th century. His burial site is unknown. The tombstones were removed from the church graveyard many
years ago and their whereabouts are not known. The parish records of St. Peters were burned in a 1791 fire.
The background information presented is taken from an article on Monkwearmouth published
by Durham Records on-line written by Ken Coleman.
Originally built as a monastery, much has been written about St Peter’s and
its fame and reputation as the seat of learning and religion during the Saxon ages may indeed be viewed as a legitimate object
of historical research. However, as the focus of this review is to deal not with the Church but more with its parishioners
who resided around the mouth of the river Wear, it is felt that a potted history will suffice.
Around 674 AD, in the fourth year of the reign of Egfrid, King of Northumberland,
Benedict Biscop obtained a grant of land on the north bank of the river Wear, on which he built a monastery and dedicated
it to St Peter, the chief of the Apostles. The ground is believed to have been quite considerable in extent, amounting to
some 15 square miles. In about 689, at the tender age of seven a young boy named Bede was brought to the monastery and committed
to the care of Benedict, under whom and his successor Ceolfrid he was carefully instructed for twelve years. At the age of
nineteen he was ordained deacon and became exemplary at that early age for his piety and studious life. Ordained a priest
at thirty, he published his ‘Ecclesiastical History’ in 731 at the age of forty nine, and died in 735 having being
bestowed with the title of Venerable Bede.
In the latter part of the eighth century, the Danes in one of their many predatory
incursions, subjected the monastery at Wearmouth to merciless avarice, destroying every ornament of the church, slaying the
monks and setting the building on fire. At this time, Christianity was almost extinct; very few churches were built for nearly
two hundred years afterwards. After a degree of reparation, the monastery once again suffered extensive damage, firstly from
the vengeance of William the Conqueror on account of the murder of Robert Comyn, a Norman baron whom the Northumbrians had
slain during an insurrection, and then shortly afterwards in 1070 when Malcolm, King of Scotland laid waste the whole neighbourhood.
In 1084 in the eighteenth year of his reign, King William the Conqueror decreed that
the monks of Jarrow and Wearmouth be received by the bishop, and their liberties, customs and dignities be restored. From
this period Wearmouth became a cell for three or four monks only, at the Benedictine order, subordinate to the Abbey of Durham.
It was during the rule of Bishop Pudsey of Durham (1153-1197), that the parishes
of Monkwearmouth and Bishopwearmouth were integrated under a charter of privileges. Through the unification of these two settlements
sundered (eroded) from each other by the river Wear, the town of Sunderland came into being.
In 1358, Bishop Hatfield leased the borough of Sunderland with the fisheries in the
Wear to Richard Hedworth of Southwick for twenty years. For many years religious life continued relatively uninterrupted in
the area against the background of the Hundred Years war with France; intermittent wars with Scotland and Wales, and the Black
Death.
In 1384, Richard II, on account of his devotions to St Cuthbert the titular saint
of Durham, granted leave to export coals from the mines without paying any duties to the corporation of Newcastle. This was
speedily taken advantage of and in 1395 coals were shipped to Whitby in Yorkshire from Sunderland and neighbouring ports at
a rate of three shillings and four pence per chaldron of thirty-six bushels. In the year 1421, it was enacted that the ‘keels’
(an ancient Saxon word for a ship or vessel) carrying coals to the colliers (coal-carrying ships) should measure exactly twenty
chaldrons, to prevent fraud in the duties payable to the King. In 1464, Edward IV granted the borough with the passage of
the river, and the fisheries to Robert Bertram to which the King provided his lease with a ferry boat.
For centuries small wooden sailing ships came to the Wear for coal, glass and pottery
and as they arrived on the tide and moored up, they would be served by the keels which were flat-bottomed craft carrying a
variety of buckets, skips and slings. The ship’s crews and the keelman would unload the tons of sand ballast from far-away
beaches. As each keel was filled it made its way to the bank where the sand would be dumped on dry land.
In 1590, Bishop Hutton leased the borough, the ferry boats and the fisheries to Ralph
Bowes Esq., of Barnes. After the statute of Henry VIII by which the palatine jurisdiction was restrained and mutilated, Sunderland
became a place of considerable note; and about the latter end of the reign of Elizabeth, the coal trade began to find its
way into the Wear. It may be of interest to note that in 1609 Sunderland exported 11,648 tons of coal.
Seventeenth Century
Shortly after Charles I was crowned in Edinburgh in 1633 Bishop Morton desirous of
encouraging the rising trade of the borough, incorporated the burgesses and inhabitants by the title of Mayor, twelve Alderman
and Commonality of the Borough of Sunderland, and granted the privilege of a market and annual fairs. Previous to this incorporation,
the borough had been governed by a Bailiff appointed under the Bishop. The charter states "…that Sunderland had beyond
the memory of man been an ancient borough known by the name of the New Borough of Weremouth, containing in itself a certain
port where ships had plied….that the trade was then greatly increased by reason of the multitude of ships that resorted
thither, and the borough anciently enjoyed divers liberties and free customs, as well as by prescription, as by virtue of
sundry charters from the Bishops of Durham confirmed to them by the crown; which from defect in form proved insufficient for
the support of the ancient liberties, privileges, and free customs of the borough."
The gentlemen incorporated under this charter were (alphabetically) as follows:
Mayor: Sir William Belasye, of Morton House, Kent
Aldermen:
Robert Bowes, of Biddic-Waterville, Esq;
George Burgorn, of Wearmouth, Gent;
George Gray, of Southwick, Gent;
Richard Hedworth, of Chester Deannery, Esq;
Francis James, of Hetton, Esq;
Sir William Lambton, of Lambton, Kent;
William Langley, Gent;
George Lilburne, of Sunderland, Gent;
George Walton, Alderman, of Durham;
Hugh Walton, Alderman, of Durham;
Thomas Wharton, Esq;
Hugh Wright, of Durham, Esq
Common Council Men:
Thomas Atkinson; Adam Burdon; William Caldwell; Robert Collingwood; Christopher Dickenson;
William Dossey; William
Freeman; John Hardcastle; Humphrey Harrison; John Harrison; George Humble; William
Huntley; John Husband; Thomas Lacie; Edward Lee, of Monkwearmouth, Gent; Clement Oldcorn; Thomas Palmer; William Potts; Thomas
Scarborough,
William Thompson; William Wycliffe of Offerton, Gent; William Watt and Robert Young.
In 1641 a resolution of Parliament requested all males aged over 18 to take an oath
in support of the Crown, Parliament and the Protestant religion, to oppose the "plots and conspiracies of priests and Jesuits"
that were allegedly subverting the kingdom. Lists of those taking the oath in each parish were sent to Parliament in 1642.
Most men took the oath and those who refused to sign (mostly Catholics) were sometimes also listed. The Protestation Returns’
for Monkwearmouth taken on 24 February, 1641 are set out below:
|
Addison, John
|
Cuth(e)bert, Richard
|
Harrison, William
|
Rockwood, Robert
|
Thompson, Thomas
|
|
Addison, John
|
Daile, George
|
Henderson, James
|
Rockwood, Tabat
|
Thompson, Thomas
|
|
Ager, William
|
Dayle, Robert
|
Hesley, William
|
Rockwood, Thomas
|
Todd, John
|
|
Ammond, John
|
Denninge, Richard
|
Heworth, John
|
Rowland, Francis
|
Todd, Thomas
|
|
Amory, John
|
Dickeson, Thomas
|
Hickes, Richard **
|
Roxby, William
|
Todd, Thomas
|
|
Anderson, Thomas
|
Ditchburne, Ralph
|
Hilton, John
|
Sanderson, Ralph
|
Todd, William
|
|
Atchinson, Edward
|
Dodg(s)on, Thomas
|
Hilton, Ralph
|
Scurfield, Bernard
|
Tongue, William
|
|
Atchinson, Edward
|
Doweson, Richard
|
Hilton, Robert
|
Scurfield, William
|
Trumble, Usward
|
|
Atchinson, Robert
|
Drydon, Richard
|
Hilton, Robert, Jun
|
Seemar (?), William
|
Trumble, Usward
|
|
Atchinson, Thomas
|
Emmerson, John
|
Hopper, Edward
|
Shepherdson, Christop’r
|
Ushaw, John
|
|
Bee, Bernard
|
Errington, John
|
Humble, Alexander
|
Smith, Duke
|
Vas(e)y, Ralph
|
|
Bell, John
|
Fawcet, John
|
Hunter, Thomas
|
Smith, John
|
Vas(e)y, Ralph
|
|
Bell, John
|
Field, William
|
Hunter, William
|
Sparrow, John, Snr
|
Wade, Richard
|
|
Bell, John
|
Foster, John
|
Kitchinge, Thomas
|
Sparrow, John
|
Wake, Richard
|
|
Bell, Nicholas
|
Foster, Matthew
|
Langley, John,
|
Sparrow, Thomas
|
Wake, Thomas
|
|
Bell, Robert
|
Foster, Thomas
|
|
|