Andrew Love

ANDREW LOVE

Chapter 1

1839-1862

Andrew Love was born Dec 24, 1839 in Albany, NY. His parents were Andrew Downs Love and Christian (Christina) Grandison (sometimes spelled "Grindstone" in Scotland).

Until Andrew joined the army in 1861, he was working as a cooper and living with his mother and family at 132 Spring St., Albany, New York. After the Civil War broke out, he originally joined the Washington Continental N.Y. State Militia, Company B, in June, 1861 in Albany, NY. This "Old Guard Washington Continentals", also known as Company B, 10^th N.Y.S. Militia, had the charge of the barracks as a Camp Guard during the summer of 1861. During this time, many New York Volunteer regiments were assembled, organized, drilled and sent to the front. Company B was noted for it efficiency in drill and soldierly bearing, and was one of the crack militia companies of Albany. Its members were in service guarding the barracks, hospitals, and other places around Albany requiring military guard. The barracks were located on a large lot in the western part of the city, of what was known as the New Scotland Road. Company B was a well-known organization of citizen soldiers dating back to 1854.

A few months later, on August 24^th, 1861 at the age of 23 years, he joined for duty for a period of 3 years. He was mustered into Company F, 44th New York State Volunteers on September 6^th, 1861. The New York 44^th Regiment was also known as "Ellsworth's Avengers". Andrew was raised from the ranks to the rank of Sergeant on Sept 19th, 1861. The regiment spent next month learning the ways of war. The time had been well spent in preparatory. The routine of the Albany camp became somewhat monotonous. The life in the barracks was a short step between life as a citizen and that of a soldier. At camp there were substantial bunks in well-enclosed barracks, with cooked rations served on crude tables. This would be much more luxurious than what they would find in the field. After many parades, speeches and festivals throughout the Albany, the 44^th finally had orders to move.

On October 21^st, 1861, the regiment of 1065 men marched through Albany to the docks to board a boat to New York City. They marched wearing their new Zouve Uniforms and they were cheered on by more than 20,000 people along the parade route. Many bouquets of flowers met the soldiers on the way. The 44^th boarded the steamer "Columbia" with two barges to travel down the Hudson River.

The next day the regiment arrived at 14^th St in New York City. The old arms given to them in Albany were exchanged for new Springfield muskets. After another parade, they again were on the move, this time taking a ferry to Jersey City, and boarding a train to Philadelphia. Patriotic ladies came out to greet them. They encountered a different reception in Baltimore. During the parade there, the spectators used language that was uncomplimentary, discourteous, and insulting. The "S.N.Y." (State of New York) on the brass belt buckles of the men, was interpreted by the bystanders as "Snotty Nosed Yankees". At one point, the officers were thinking they should provide a few rounds of ammunition to each man. They continued their journey into Washington City. They set out pickets to guard the railroad station. They had reached a point where they needed to take precautionary measures. This was their first experience sleeping outdoors. There was nothing provided for them, since lodging was scarce. Most slept on the railroad platform. The next day, the regiment again paraded- this time down Pennsylvania Ave and past the White House, where President Lincoln honored it by watching it pass by. Later, that night, the regiment had to pitch their tents for the first time. Darkness & inexperience presented problems, and each man also had to cook his own rations, or eat them without cooking. They remained here for two days.

On October 28^th, 1861, after marching several miles, the regiment, along with eleven others, was reviewed by General McClellan, attended by his staff and other prominent officers. The 44^th was given the honor of being "the right of the line", which is highly regarded. Consequently the 44^th was the first regiment to pass the reviewing officer. After the review, the 44^th marched out and crossed the Potomac on Long Bridge. They had finally reached Virginia. The regiment continued the march until 8PM. It had become a dark and weary march. They stopped at a field at Hall's Hill, Virginia. They did not know what surrounded them. They needed to provide for supper and somewhere to sleep. Not an easy task for over one thousand men. The 44^th NY was helped by the 83^rd Pennsylvania Regiment. They not only provided food, but also pitched the tents. An evening entertainment followed, leading to a bond between the regiments that lasted longer than the war. The next day they learned the 44^th was assigned to Brig. Gen. Fitz John Porter's First Division and Brig. Gen. Daniel Butterfield's Third Brigade. This was part of a division of 15,000 men. Andrew Love was officially recorded as being with the 5^th Corps, 1^st Division, 3^rd Brigade, and 44^th N.Y. Regiment.

The Army of the Potomac was organized into divisions of three or more brigades each, with a compliment of cavalry and artillery attached. The entire army was encamped for the winter of 1861 by divisions on the south side of the Potomac River in front of the defenses of Washington. As the winter approached, all the tents were raised on logs and banked up with dirt. This first camp in the field at Hall's Hill was called Camp Butterfield by those in the 3^rd Brigade.

Occasionally civilians would visit the NY camp. One of these visitors was Secretary of State Seward, who came at different times to visit his nephew, a private in one of the companies. One day a delegation of warriors came from the Creek Nation to see what was left of the United States. They had heard that the US government was becoming extinct, but were glad to see that wasn't the case.

On November 20^th, 1861, a grand review of the troops was held at Bailey's Cross Roads by General McClellan and staff. President Lincoln, Secretary of State Seward, Secretary of War Cameron and other distinguished persons were present. There were over 70,000 troops in review. A few days later, Gen. McClellan commended the NY 44^th for it fine military appearance. He also complemented the 83^rd Pa. for its proficiency in drill and attention to duty generally. This review was a grand affair, and probably the largest of its kind ever witnessed in America. When returning from the review, the 44^th NY Regiment passed Professor Lowe with his war balloon which they saw several times afterward in the beginning part of the war.

1862

The 44^th NY spent a fairly quiet winter at "Camp Butterfield". In March, 1862, the orders came to move out. They marched out of camp in the morning of March 10^th. The regiment was originally issued dark blue Zouave style uniforms with red shirts and trim on the jacket and pants stripe. When they left camp to join the Army of the Potomac, they packed away the Zouave uniforms and obtained a variety of uniforms: N.Y. State shell jackets, frock coats, and sack coats. They reached Falls Church by 3 A.M., where they took a much needed rest. They continued on into Fairfax C.H. and then into Centerville, which was reached by 3 PM. The enemy had hastily made a retreat. The enemy's works at Centerville were very formidable and cunningly mounted with wooden guns, which was an agreeable surprise.

On March 15^th, they marched to Alexandria and reached that place about 4 PM. They spent several days there and on the March 21^st, they marched to Boat Landing, embarked and anchored in the stream for the night. The river was full of boats of all descriptions. It was understood that Porter's entire First Division had embarked. The fleet consisted of 15 steamers. At 9 A.M. on the 22^nd, anchors were weighed and a start for a new base of operations had begun, which would be on the Peninsula. Many of the men of the 44^th were impressed as they traveled on the Potomac. As they passed by Mount Vernon, the bells tolled, and many men watched as they cruised by the Founding Father's home.

The troop ships landed the next day at Fort Monroe, where everyone saw the huge gun emplacements and also the little Monitor, which had given such a good and timely account of itself in the fight with the rebel Merrimac. During March, they continued to march through Hampton, New Market, and Big Bethel. There were several small skirmishes, but no large battles.

In April 1862, all the troops that had arrived, moved up the Peninsula towards Yorktown on April 15th. They stopped when they reached a point about 2 miles from Yorktown around noon. The artillery soon became engaged with the enemy's batteries. The skirmishers of both armies became hotly engaged. The Commanding General, McClellan claimed that since his command was less than he needed, he had to change plans, and therefore decided that instead of assaulting Yorktown, he would lay seige. The fortifications around Yorktown were strongly fortified by the enemy, and amply supplied with heavy cannon, commanding approach by land or sea. During this siege, Gen. Porter's Division (which included Andrew Love) occupied the extreme right of the army. There was a body of heavy woods in front of Porter's Division. In the beginning of the siege, most work was done at night, with working parties protected by a strong line of pickets, to guard against surprise. These works where concealed from the enemy by the body of woods. The skirmishers, batteries, and sharp shooters of both armies, were almost constantly engaged. The shots and shells of the enemies bullets and shells often struck the camp of the 44^th, causing many narrow escapes. Considering the amount of firing, there were few casualties.

On April 29^th, the first casualty of the 44^th occurred, by an enemy shell. During the siege, much vigilance and caution were to follow. From a concealed spot near the NY 44^th camp, Prof. T. Lowe made frequent ascensions in his balloon for the purpose of observing the works and the camp of the enemy. The enemy showed their dislike for this method of reconnoitering by making the balloon a target for their guns.

On May 4^th, the pickets suspected that the Confederates had abandoned Yorktown, and by careful investigation, they found it had been evacuated. Andrew's regiment marched in and garrisoned the town. The Confederates had left a few hidden torpedoes near wells, springs, and magazines, which killed several men. The Union soldiers then used Confederate prisoners to find the rest of the torpedoes- they found at least 50, and all were disarmed without harming anyone.

In May 1862, the 44^th was engaged in their first major battle at the Battle of Hanover Court House, which was a Union victory. We aren't sure if Andrew was present at this battle, since he was listed in his Company Muster Roll as being absent during May and June of 1862, but exact dates aren't listed. He was sick and was in Annapolis, Maryland at that time. It was reported that there was much sickness throughout the regiment at this time. Also at this time, Prof. Lowe made frequent ascensions with his balloon for the purpose of observing the positions and movements of the enemy. The appearance of the balloon always brought much fire of the enemy's guns. The balloon would then descend to its secret location near the 44^th.

On June 28^th, they were ordered to march to Savage Station and take a position there. They bivouacked for the night, still without tents or blankets and it rained all night. The regiment saw constant fighting and marching for the next few days, all without proper tents or blankets.

On June 29^th, the division marched to White Oak Swamp for a reconnaisance and not discovering the enemy in the area, decided to bivouac for the night. Shortly after, they heard they would be making a night march. This march was made as quietly as possible. Suddenly, in the darkness, a sudden and unexpected noise was heard- similar to the tread of horsemen, possibly the entire body of enemy troops- everyone was thrown into a panic, and the road was cleared. Men fired their muskets without purpose or aim. This caused little amusement when it was found that the commotion was being caused by several lively mules, having a frolic of their own. The march then proceeded again in silence. Unfortunately, the guide had taken them down the wrong road, which they discovered when they walked into Confederate pickets. They escaped narrowly and had to retrace the entire distance. When daylight came, they had reached their starting point, and everyone stretched out on the ground for a rest. That morning, June 30^th, the troops were much fatigued by the almost constant marching and fighting, but Gen. McClellan was cheered with considerable enthusiasm. During this day, different parts of the Union army were hotly engaged on different fields. The location of Porter's Corps was such that it took an active part in the engagement of White Oak Swamp and Turkey Bend. Late in the afternoon, the 3^rd Brigade was subjected to quite a hot artillery fire. The men slept on their arms that night and were ready for duty at a moments notice. Jefferson Davis had been on the field that day to see Gen. Lee consume the Union army, which did not happen. Five days had now passed since the fighting began. During that time, the brigade had slept at irregular intervals without tents or blankets, and usually short on rations.

The largest of all the Seven Days' Battles was Malvern Hill, on July 1^st, 1862. This was the sixth and last of the Seven Days’ Battles. The area was an elevated plateau of about a mile and a half by three fourths of a mile in area, well cleared of timber, with many defensible ravines. Early in the morning, the 44^th took their assigned position when Gen. Robert E. Lee launched a series of disjointed assaults on the nearly impregnable Union position on Malvern Hill. The artillery of both armies became engaged, then a two hour attack of the enemy's infantry, followed with another hour of artillery. Around 4PM the Confederates began a one hour artillery barrage. The brigade endured the fire of shell, grape, canister, shrapnel, and round shot. At 5PM, the General moved up the 83^rd Penn. and 16^th Mich. for support. The musketry fire of the enemy was terrific and the enemy seemed to be successfully advancing. The bugle sound of the 3^rd Brigade was heard above the din of battle. The 44^th N.Y. Volunteers was ordered to advance. The 44^th advanced with its colors far advanced. When the 44^th was within 100 yards of the enemy, the regiment was ordered to attach bayonets and continue the charge. When they were within 50 yards, the Confederate lines broke and fell back, leaving the Confederate unit colors on the field, about 20-30 yards in front of the 44^th. Dozens of Union men raced toward the colors, which were picked up by a Sergeant from the 83^rd Penn. The 44^th held off one more attack. Lt. Rice stated in his report the the 44^th Regiment started the engagement with 225 men. It is believed that this covered the entire total reported for duty. The Regiments loss was 11 killed, 84 wounded, and 4 missing. The Confederates suffered at total of more than 5,300 casualties without gaining an inch of ground. This was a Union Victory. Despite his victory, McClellan withdrew to entrench at Harrison’s Landing on James River, where his army was protected by gunboats. This ended the Peninsula Campaign. In his book, Capt. Nash specifically mentioned the humiliation of leaving the dead and wounded on the field in the hands of the enemy. They had left a victorious field and had retreated.

They arrived at Harrison's Landing, after retreating all night. The rain was falling in torrents, the mud growing deeper and deeper. At 9am, rations were given out, which more or less helped with the hunger of the last 7 days. The entire 5^th Corps was placed on reserve and had little to do but camp duty for about two weeks.

On August 14^th, Gen. Porter got orders to move his troops again. Over the next several weeks, they marched about 100 miles total and even traveled by boat. The Confederates had out-maneuvered the Union armies operating on the line of the Rappahannock and passed around the flank of troops commanded by Gen. Pope. After more marching, the 44^th reached Groveton, Va. On August 29^th.

On the next day, August 30^th, they marched about 7 miles and stopped on the field where the first Battle of Bull Run had been fought. About 9 am, the 44^th took a position to support a battery, and the enemy began to fire artillery at their position, which was such that it was exposed to a very brisk fire of the enemy's artillery. It was another of those uncomfortable positions, where troops were required to remain inactive and take the consequences. This was known as the Second Bull Run. Several casualties from the 44th occurred there. About 1 PM, the Brigade advanced about 1/2 mile and halted in a piece of woods. Two companies of the 44^th were thrown out to strengthen the skirmish line. Before advancing, Gen. Butterworth explained the battle plan to the division. At 3PM, the Brigade was ordered to advance and attack the enemy. When the line emerged from the woods, it encountered a fence, which caused some delay and confusion. It was then discovered that the enemy's infantry had formed within easy musket range. They were in a railroad cut, with a considerable embankment, which afforded a most complete protection. Behind the infantry upon the other side of the railroad cut, upon higher ground, the Confederates had placed many pieces of artillery. After passing the woods, the field between the two lines was level and unobstructed. The enemy filled this entire space with shot, shell and canister. Added to this was the terrible murderous fire of the Confederate infantry. The Brigade charged across this field, with great spirit and determination. The 44^th reached a point quite close to the line of the enemy, successfully diminishing his fire. This engagement lasted about 1/2 hour, when a line of Rebel infantry began advancing on the right of the 44^th. A retreat was ordered and the Brigade retreated back over the open field. The Confederate fire was worse than before. The enemy followed closely causing problems, until a line of Union regulars, laying hidden in the woods, gave them well directed volleys, which decimated the rebel ranks and sent them retreating in confusion. The Union Brigade reformed in a field behind the woods. Col. Conner stated later in his report that the 44^th Regiment entered the battle with 12 officers and 148 men. The casualties were 6 officers wounded, one of whom was captured, 5 enlisted men killed, and 60 wounded, making a total of 71 men. The 5th Corps had a greater number of casualties then that of any other Corps. Gen. Sykes, in his report, mentioned that "Butterfield's attack was made and gallantly maintained until his troops were torn to pieces."

Butterfield's 3^rd Brigade soon rallied and took up a new position to confront the enemy. For more than two days they had marched and fought without rations and had little rest. Later that evening, Butterfield received orders to move to Centerville, Va., where they would find plenty of rations and an opportunity to rest. It was a long and tedious march. They had to ford the Bull Run Creek, which was nearly waist high. They reached Centerville about midnight and received the promised rations, which consisted of coffee and hardtack. A drizzling rain began, but all slept fairly well after eating their meal.

They remained at Centerville for two days and then continued their march to the rear to Hall's Hill, which was reached on September 2^nd, 1862. They remained here for 3 days. While there, many were thinking that since leaving "Butterfield's" camp at Hall's Hill on March 10^th and enduring all the fights and battles since that time, had anything actually been accomplished? After the 2^nd Bull Run Battle, Gen. McClellan was again placed at the command of this unit. (Butterfield's 3rd Brigade, Porter's 1st Division, 5th Army Corps).

Porter's 1^st Division (which included the 44^th Regt.) remained in the defense of the Washington area, until about September 12^th. At that time, it was noticed that the Rebel Army was moving into Maryland, and Mcclellan was ordered to pursue them. This was to become the Antietam campaign. Also at this time, the 118^th Pennsylvania and the 20^th Maine, two new and excellent regiments, joined Andrew's division.

The battle began on September 17^th , 1862, with the 5^th Corps leaving several divisions behind as a reserve, including the 44^thRegiment. Both armies fought desperately. The casualties on the Antietam battlefield were greater than those of any other single day during the Civil War. Over 200,000 men and 500 pieces of artillery were for 14 hours engaged in this memorable battle. The Union lost 12,410 men, while the Confederate lost 12,601.The end of the battle for that day came with darkness. The next day was quiet, with both sides burying their dead and caring for the wounded.

On the morning of September19th, it was found that the Confederates had retreated back into Virginia. Porter's Corps (Andrew's) took the lead in pursuit and passed through Sharpsburg, Maryland. The buildings showed the effect of the battle. They reached the Potamac at Shepardstown Ferry, where the Confederates had crossed. The opposite banks were high and precipitous. The enemy had positioned a battery of artillery on the south bank. At night two of the Union brigades were able to cross over and capture several of the guns. On the morning of the 20^th, Butterfield's Brigade (Andrew's) and another division were ordered to cross over also. While they were fording the river, the enemy attacked the first two divisions with a superior force and drove them back to the river. While in the middle of the river, Butterfield's Brigade was ordered to return and take a position in the canal along the North bank of the river. The banks of the drained canal offered a breastwork from which their brigade did a good job in protecting their retreating troops. Skirmishing with the enemy posted on the south side of the river continued on through the day and the ferry was closely guarded at night. As soon as the Union troops were out of the way, the Union fired their artillery across the river into the enemy positions. This made it quite unpleasant for them. Some of the enemy troops concealed themselves in and around an old building standing near the river, known as Boteler's Mill. They kept up a brisk skirmish fire, which was quickly stopped when the Union artillery discovered their hiding places. Porter's 1^st Division suffered a loss in this affair of 363 killed and wounded, most belonging to the 1^st and 2^nd Brigades. The 5^th corps remained here guarding the line of the Potamac for several days, resting and obtaining supplies.

On October 1^st, President Lincoln visited the area and reviewed the army. He also visited the Antietam battlefield. On October 7^th, the 5^th Corps moved to Antietam. At this time, the Confederate Cavalry under General Stuart, crossed the Potamac and proceeded on a raid around the Union army. This was the only episode that disturbed the 5^th Corps during October. While the Army of the Potomac was recuperating and guarding the Potamac, reinforcements arrived from New York for the 44^th Regiment. It was about this time that Andrew lost his canteen and haversack, possibly at Antietam, which the government charged him a total of 82 cents in October, 1862.

On October 30^th, the 5^th Corps was again on the move. The stopped for night about 2 miles from Harper's Ferry. They saw the engine house that John Brown used for his headquarters. The march continued along Leesburg turnpike and they halted for the night about 8 miles from Harper's Ferry. On Sunday, November 2, the 44^th Regiment was detached from the rest of the Brigade and ordered to go upon the Blue Ridge to guard a pass over the mountains. The reached the crest after a 15 mile march, and a picket line was established a short distance down the slope towards the enemy. Strict orders were given to hold this pass until the their army had passed. On the crest of the mountain was a cleared field with one tree standing. Capt. Bourne was not happy with the view he had, so built a ladder so he could observe from the tree with powerful field glasses.

On Wednesday, November 5^th, they descended back down and rejoined the Brigade at Snicker's Gap. The marches continued each day passing through Middleburg, New Baltimore and finally stopped near Warrington. On November 10^th, Maj. Gen. George McClellan had orders to turn over the command to General Burnside. Two days later, Gen. Porter also took his leave of the 5^th Corps, which he had commanded since its organization, and had performed a meritorius service in the many battles he had managed. Burnside spent the next few days reorganizing the army into three Grand Divisions. These were the left Grand Division, the center Grand Division (made of 3^rd and 5^th Corps), and the right Grand Division. The center Grand Division (Andrew's) was under the command of General Hooker, Gen. Butterfield was now in command of the 5^th Corps, and Gen. Griffen was now in charge of the 1^st Division (44^th Regt was part of these).

After several more days, the 5^th Corps broke camp and marched to Stoneman's Switch, on the Acquia Creek & Fredericksburg Railroad. While on the march, the weather had been rainy and the roads muddy. The 44^th Regt. called this home until December 11^th, 1862. The time was spent in establishing camp, performing picket duty, and engaging in drill. While the 5^th Corps was at Stoneman's Switch, Gen. Burnside sent the right Grand Division (Gen. Sumner) to hold a position across the river from Fredericksburg. Sumner and Hooker asked to cross the Rappahannock at once and occupy and hold a position there, this was denied. General Lee was quick to occupy this position with a large force, and had about a month to fortify their position. On December 11^th, at 3 am, Reveille was sounded and the 5^th Corps began to prepare for a move. They were given 3 days rations and 20 extra rounds of ammunition. Around 5 am, artillery could be heard from the front. As the Engineers were laying five pontoon bridges across the river, the Confederate infantry was firing at them from positions in the streets and buildings of Fredericksburg. Gen Sumner ordered the artillery to open up laying a furious cannonade upon the city. Some Union infantry were able to cross the river in boats and drive the enemy from the banks of the river, allowing the Engineers to work on the bridge. The 44^th could hear the gun fire and knew the battle was on. They marched to the elevated ridge across the river from Fredericksburg and bivouacked for the night. The whole panorama of the battlefield was in full view. By the next day, December 12^th, the left Grand Division (Gen. Franklin) and right Grand Division (Gen. Sumner) had crossed over the river and taken possession of the entire city. Hooker's Grand Division (including the 5^th Corps) was held in reserve on the north side of the river. The Confederates held a very strong semi-circular position on the heights of the city. The 44^th NY marched nearer Falmouth, stacked their arms and were ready on a moments notice. They waited though out the day, bivouacked there for the night, even though the weather was not great for seeking lodging on the ground.

On the fateful morning of December 13^th, 1862, in the afternoon, Gen. Burnside mounted a series of futile frontal assaults on Prospect Hill and Marye’s Heights that resulted in staggering casualties. As soon as the Union soldiers reached the open field they were exposed to a murderous fire of shot, shell and musketry. Meade’s division, on the Union left flank, briefly penetrated Jackson’s line but was driven back by a counterattack. At 3 PM, the 44^th NY crossed the pontoon bridges and proceeded into the city. Late in the afternoon, the order came to advance and relieve the troops engaged in the firing line. Everyone knew that it was fruitless to try another direct assault. The order had to be obeyed, and as soon as the advance was started, the enemy began to fire. The air was filled with shot, bursting shells, and the deadly minies. The earth was torn and plowed by countless hurtling projectiles. The wounded and dying sank together upon the blood soaked ground. Finally a point was reached were the troops could not advance anymore, and the 44^th was forced to lie on prone upon the earth, protected only by the slight undulations of the ground. Lt. Conner was wounded here. Darkness and the smoke finally closed the havoc of the day. Then for the first time, the cries and moans of the dying and wounded could be heard, and for the first time, relieving parties could traverse the field to administer first aid to the living and gather the dead. Over 10,000 men had fallen. The 44^th NY spent the night on the field sleeping with their arms. The next day, Sunday, December 14^th, the enemy again tried to dislodge the 44^th, but could not, although they made it extremely uncomfortable and hazardous to remain. They could not retreat or advance. The day was spent hugging the ground and carefully watching the movements of the enemy. They were relieved about 9 PM by other troops and they returned to the city in the darkness. After eating much needed rations, they got as much sleep as they could upon the sidewalks and doorsteps of the city. Around 1 AM on December 17^th, the 44^th was awakened and found that they were to be the rear guard for the retreating Union army. This was a very delicate and dangerous duty. If the enemy discovered the movement, they would probably advance in force and overpower the rear guard. It had rained earlier in the night and floating clouds occasionally obscured the light of the moon. The 44^th NY reformed near the pontoon bridges to cover the retreat of the army across the river. As daylight approached, the Confederates discovered the retreat and sent a line of skirmishers to engage the Union, but they were sent back after several volleys. The last of the 5^th Corps crossed the river about 8 am. The Battle of Fredericksburg cost the 44^th Regiment 7 killed and 35 wounded. This ended the Fredericksburg campaign, which was a costly failure. The US had about 100,000 men in this battle and the CSA had about 72,000. The US sustained over 13,000 casualties, and the CSA less than 5,000.

The 44^th continued their march to its old camp at Stoneman's Switch. Tents were pitched and rations obtained, and much rest was sought. On December 16^th, Lt Herenden was appointed Adjutant. Later, the tents were raised up on log foundations. Col. Rice, who had left after 2^nd Bull Run, returned on the 24^th. On Christmas Day, the camp was nicely decorated with evergreens. On December 30^th, the Division was called out on reconnaissance for a day or so, running into a Confederate cavalry, which soon took flight, and the Division returned to camp about 1PM January 1, 1863. A new year had begun. In 1862 many hard battles had been fought great losses had been sustained and very little had been accomplished.

Continue to Chapter 2: 1863- 1864 (currently under construction)