1) Break the overall description into a physical description and a functional description.

 

2) Break the physical description into parts, and find a logical order for the parts to be described. One common order is spatial (front to back, top to bottom, side to side). Be sure to pick a logical starting point and route. Another common order is by operation, in which parts are described in their working order. You can also order by emphasis, in which you pick the “best” part to begin with and then follow a logical order.

 

3) When individual parts are complex to follow, consider breaking up their descriptions into sub-parts or sub-assemblies.

 

4) Break each part into its characteristics: dimensions, shape, density, appearance, materials, colors, textures, and any other important aspects.

 

5) Use a technical vocabulary to describe shapes, textures, materials, etc. Be specific, detailed, and consistent. Keep a list of good descriptive terms to use: e.g., materials, such as metals and alloys.

 

6) Aim for 2-3 pieces of description per sentence, in a logical order, and two or three sentences per section. But avoid repeating a sentence or section pattern three times in a row.

 

7) An introduction, a section of background information, and a conclusion may or may not be necessary. Use your judgment.

 

8) A simple introduction is a sentence or two that states the item to be described, puts it in a general category, and summarizes its most important features and/or functions. Keep it short.

 

9) In a similar way, you can break up the description of function (what it does) into parts.

 

10) You can place the function description within the physical description, or you can alternate between the two, or you can keep them completely separate. Base your decision on what’s the easiest for your reader to follow.

 

Prepared by Jim Von Schilling

Northampton Community College