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1. identify important people and ethnic groups that settled early Pennsylvania 2. discuss Pennsylvania’s role in the French and Indian War Colonial Pennsylvania A. Arrival of the Western Europeans
B. French and Indian War (1754-1763)
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Identifications People Amish – Originally Mennonites; were taught by Jacob Amman that Christians ought not to conform to the world; set themselves apart from others by their plain dress and by shunning modern conveniences such as automobiles, telephones, and modern farm equipment. Although called "Pennsylvania Dutch", they are really from Germany. Deutsch being the German word for "German." Anglicans – members of the Church of England founded by King Henry VIII Cornelis Hendrickson – a Dutch explorer who sailed first into Delaware Bay in 1616 Mennonites – followers of Menno Simons who immigrated to the United States from Germany when their pacifism (refusal to give military service and to participate in war) became unpopular Peter Minuit (1580-1638) – a Dutchman who sailed for Sweden and was placed in charge of the colony of New Sweden (later Delaware) in the 1630’s Moravian Brethren – founded by Count Zinzendorf in Moravia, a German-speaking part of Czechoslovakia; their missionary zeal brought them to found Bethlehem in 1741 as a base for missionary activity among the Native Americans William Penn (1644-1718) – the Quaker founder of the colony of Pennsylvania; Penn wanted a haven for Quakers, a new religion founded by George Fox, whose followers were persecuted in England and Ireland. He received a land grant from King Charles II in 1681, in payment for a debt the King owed to Penn’s father, Sir Admiral William Penn. King Charles II asked that the colony be named for Sir Admiral Penn. "Penn’s Woods" became Pennsylvania. Penn then sold tracts of land in his colony to others seeking religious freedom. Johan Printz (1592-1663) – the founder and governor of the first permanent European (Swedish) settlement in Pennsylvania in 1643, Tinicum Island. The Native Americans referred to him as "Big Tub" because of his large size. Quakers – formally, the Society of Friends;a religious community founded by George Fox. Among the beliefs of Quakers were pacifism, religious tolerance, the equality of all, the "inner light," no clergy, and no religious rituals. Johan Rising – replaced Johan Printz as governor of New Sweden in 1654 Peter Stuyvesant (1610-1672) – the Dutch governor of New Netherlands who made New Sweden a Dutch colony in 1655 |
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Places and Terms Christ Church – the Anglican church founded in 1685; Today it is an Episcopal Church. Fort Duquesne – the French fort built in 1754 where the Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers meet. It was later renamed Fort Pitt by the British. It became the city of Pittsburgh. Fort Necessity – In 1754, it was established by the British out of "necessity" to be near Fort Duquesne. Gloria Dei (Old Swedes) Church – founded in 1642; It is the oldest church in Pennsylvania and the oldest church in continuous service in the United States. It was originally established by the State Church of Sweden. Gloria Dei Church is located on Christian Street at Columbus Boulevard. Holy Experiment – William Penn called his colony his "Holy Experiment," a place where all settlers could worship in peace. Most of the settlers came from England, Germany, and Ireland, and included Amish, Anglicans, Catholics, Jews, Mennonites, Presbyterians, and Quakers, all who enjoyed religious freedom. Old St. Joseph’s Church – founded by the Jesuits in 1733; It was the first Catholic church in Pennsylvania and is located at 321 Willings Alley. Philadelphia – the capital of Penn’s colony and his "greene County Towne," was founded in 1682; It was a planned grid between the Delaware and Schuylkill Rivers |
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