PENNSYLVANIA IN A DEVELOPING NATION

A D V E N T U R E

1. identify the role Pennsylvania played during each of the listed historic periods. 2. identify prominent Pennsylvanians during these historic periods. 3. identify Pennsylvania landmarks. Pennsylvania in a Developing Nation A. The American Revolutionary War 1. First Continental Congress a. September 1774 b. Carpenters’ Hall, Philadelphia 2. Second Continental Congress a. May 1775 b. State House (Independence Hall), Philadelphia c. Declaration of Independence, 1776 3. battle sites a. Brandywine Creek, 1777 b. Germantown, 1777 c. winter at Valley Forge, 1777-1778 B. The Constitutional Convention 1. May to September 1787 2. Independence Hall, Philadelphia 3. Constitution Day – September 17 4. Philadelphia, capital of the United States, 1790-1800 C. The War of 1812 – Battle of Lake Erie, September 1813 D. The Civil War Period 1. James Buchanan, fifteenth president of the United States, 1857-1861 2. underground railroad stops 3. white abolitionists helped runaway slaves 4. Battle of Gettysburg, July 1-3, 1863 5. Gettysburg Address, November 17, 1863 E. The Industrial Age 1. improvements in transportation (canals, roads, railroads) 2. coal industry 3. first oil well, Titusville, 1859 4. steel industry in Pittsburgh 5. lumber industry in Williamsport 6. labor unions F. Famous Pennsylvanians 1. government and social change a. James Buchanan b. Rachel Carson c. Benjamin Franklin d. Lucretia Mott e. Thaddeus Stevens f. Anthony Wayne 2. business and industry a. Andrew Carnegie b. Edwin Drake c. Henry J. Heinz d. Milton Hershey e. George Washington f. F. W. Wooolworth 3. Catholic Church a. St. Katharine Drexel b. St. John Neumann 4. art and music a. Mary Cassatt b. Thomas Eakins c. Stephen Collins Foster d. Edward Hicks e. Henry O. Tanner f. Wyeth Family 5. others a. Daniel Boone b. Fred Rogers c. James Stewart G. Pennsylvania Landmarks 1. Daniel Boone Homestead 2. Brandywine Battlefield 3. Drake Well Museum 4. Flagship Niagara 5. Gettysburg National Park 6. Pennsbury Manor 7. Shrine of St. Katharine Drexel 8. Shrine of Our Lady of Czestochowa 9. Valley Forge National Park 10. Washington Crossing Historic Park 11. Wheatland		IDENTIFICATIONS People Daniel Boone (1734-1820) – born near Reading, PA, was a trapper and trail guide on the frontier. James Buchanan (1791-1868) – a Democrat, the fifteenth President of the United States and the only president who was born (Cove Gap) and died (Lancaster) in Pennsylvania; He served as President from 1857 to 1861 during the beginning of the secession crisis which led to the Civil War. Andrew Carnegie (1835-1919) – a Scottish-born American who was a leading steel manufacturer and one of the wealthiest individuals of his time; He established many cultural, educational, and scientific institutions. Rachel Carson (1907-1964) – a biologist and environmental writer best known for her books about the dangers of pesticides; Her best known work is The Silent Spring. Mary Cassatt (1844-1926) – an impressionist artist known for her paintings of women and children Edwin Drake (1819-1880) - a retired railroad conductor when he proved that it was possible to pump oil from the ground; He drilled the first oil well near Titusville, Pennsylvania in 1859. St. Katharine Drexel (1858-1955) – foundress of the Sisters of the Blessed Sacrament for Indians and Colored People; She dedicated her life and fortune to the well-being of African Americans and Native Americans throughout the United States. She was canonized in October 2000. Thomas Eakins (1844-1916) – native Philadelphian, artist and painter; Eakins Oval in front of the Philadelphia Art Museum Stephen Collins Foster (1826-1864) – born in Pittsburgh, PA, a songwriter. He wrote "Camptown Races," "My Old Kentucky Home", and "Oh Susanna." Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) – born in Boston, MA, but lived most of his life in Philadelphia; He was a printer, writer, inventor, scientist, and an American statesman who was a delegate to the Continental Congress, a signer of the Declaration of Independence, and a delegate to the Constitutional Convention. Henry J. Heinz (1844-1919) – born in Sharpsburg, PA, established a food-processing plant in Pittsburgh in 1869, utilizing tin cans and glass jars Milton Hershey (1857-1945) – an American manufacturer and philanthropist who founded one of the world’s largest confectionery companies, the Hershey Chocolate Company 21 Edward Hicks (1780-1849) – a Quaker minister and painter best known for a series of paintings he called "The Peaceable Kingdom." Lucretia Mott (1793-1880) – a Quaker, preacher, abolitionist, and women’s rights activist; In 1848, with Elizabeth Cady Stanton, organized the first women’s rights convention in Seneca Falls, NY. St. John Neumann (1811-1860) – a Redemptorist priest who became the fourth bishop of Philadelphia; He was the first person to organize a diocesan Catholic school system. He was canonized in June 1977. Henry O. Tanner (1859-1937) – a student of Thomas Eakins noted for his paintings of biblical stories and African Americans Fred Rogers (1828-2003) – born in Latrobe, PA; was the creator of the popular children’s program, Mr. Rogers’ Neighborhood. James Stewart (1908-1999) – born in Indiana, PA; was a star of stage and screen. Thaddeus Stevens (1792-1868) – served as a Pennsylvania representative in the United States Congress from 1849 to 1853 and from 1859 to 1868. He was one of the most influential Radical Republicans in congress during Reconstruction and a strong opponent of slavery. Anthony Wayne (1745-1796) – a Revolutionary War hero nicknamed "Mad Anthony." George Westinghouse (1846-1914) – an inventor and manufacturer; his major inventions include a pipeline system that safely conducts natural gas into homes, a type of gas meter, a method to transmit electric power, and the air brake for trains. He was president of 30 corporations, including the Westinghouse Electric Company. F. W. Woolworth (1852-1919) – principal founder, in 1912, of the F. W. Woolworth Company, a chain of five-and-dime stores. Wyeth Family – N. C. Andrew and Jamie Wyeth were 19th and 20th Century artists from the Chadds Ford area.
		PLACES & TERMS American Revolution (1775-1781) – the war the United States fought with Great Britain to gain its independence Battle of Gettysburg (July 1 – 3, 1863) – the turning point of the Civil War and a strategic victory for the North Daniel Boone Homestead - located in Reading near the frontiersman’s birthplace Brandywine Battlefield – in West Chester; a site of a British victory in the American Revolution in 1777 Civil War (1861-1865) – fought between the United States of America (the North) and the Confederate States of America (the South) to force the seceded states to return to the Union Constitutional Convention (1787) – a meeting held in Philadelphia to revise the Articles of Confederation; instead, the delegates wrote the Constitution of the United States Declaration of Independence (1776) – document written by Thomas Jefferson and signed by the delegates declaring their independence from the rule of Great Britain Drake Well Museum – in Titusville, the site of the world’s first successful oil well (1859) First Continental Congress (1774) – the meeting in Philadelphia of delegates from the colonies to discuss what action should be taken against the new policies of Great Britain after the French and Indian War Flagship Niagara – a reconstruction of Admiral Oliver Hazard Perry’s War of 1812 ship; It serves as the flagship of Pennsylvania. Gettysburg Address (November 19, 1863) – speech delivered by President Abraham Lincoln at the dedication of a cemetery on the battlefield of Gettysburg Gettysburg National Park – in Gettysburg, is the site of a decisive battle during the Civil War in 1863 Independence Hall – originally called the Pennsylvania State House; It is located at Sixth and Chestnut Streets in Philadelphia. It is the site where both the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution of the United States were written and adopted. Pennsbury Manor – in Tullytown, the site of the country home of William Penn Second Continental Congress (1775) – met in Philadelphia and named George Washington as head of the Continental Army, issued the Declaration of Independence, and governed the colonies during the Revolutionary War. Shrine of St. Katharine Drexel – in Bensalem, is the burial site of St. Katharine Drexel and the Motherhouse of the Sisters of the Blessed Sacrament. Shrine of Our Lady of Czestochowa – in Doylestown, is a Polish shrine to the Blessed Mother. underground railroad – a series of stops for fugitive slaves escaping north to freedom. Slaves were assisted with food, clothing, shelter, etc. by abolitionists. Valley Forge National Park – in Valley Forge, is the site of the winter encampment (1777-1778) of George Washington’s troops during the American Revolution. War of 1812 (1812-1814) – often called the Second War for Independence. It was fought with Great Britain over Britain’s refusal to accept the independence of the United States. Washington Crossing Historic Park – in Bucks County, is the site of George Washington’s crossing of the Delaware River to attack the Hessians at Trenton (1776). (Hessians were German soldiers hired by the British to fight in the American Revolution.) Wheatland – in Lancaster, is the site of President James Buchanan’s home

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