"EVER ON THE WATCH" THE HISTORY OF THE BALTIMORE POLICE DEPARTMENT by Ret. Officer W.M.Hackley

OUR POLICE 5 "1930's-1940's"

INTRODUCTION
MEDAL OF HONOR
ROLL CALL
FINAL ROLL CALL
BPD FALLEN HEROES
BALTIMORE POLICE ANGEL
INSPIRATION / PRAYERS
MEMORIAL PLAQUES
OUR WOUNDED
OUR HISTORY
BALTIMORE PARK POLICE
OFFICER W. M. HACKLEY
A FAMILY OF SERVICE
BADGES 1
BADGES 2
BADGES 3
HAT DEVICE
PATCHES
EQUIPMENT
PERSONNEL OF THE DEPARTMENT 1888
PERSONNEL OF THE DEPARTMENT1907
PICTURES OF PERSONNEL 1907
OUR POLICE 1
OUR POLICE 2
OUR POLICE 3
OUR POLICE 4
OUR POLICE 5
OUR POLICE 6
OUR POLICE 7
OUR POLICE 8
ACADEMY CLASS PHOTOS
CENTRAL DISTRICT
SOUTHEAST DISTRICT
EASTERN DISTRICT
NORTHEAST DISTRICT
NORTHERN DISTRICT
NORTHWEST DISTRICT
WESTERN DISTRICT
SOUTHWEST DISTRICT
SOUTHERN DISTRICT
NEWS LETTERS
BALTIMORE FIRE 1904
COMMAND STAFF 1937
COMMAND STAFF 2002
NEW HEADQUARTERS BUILDING 1925
DISTRICT STATION HOUSES
ORIGINAL BPD DOCUMENTS
ARSON UNIT
AVIATION UNIT
C.I.D.
CRIME LAB
K-9 UNIT
MARINE UNIT
MOTOR UNIT
MOUNTED UNIT
TACTICAL SECTION
TRAFFIC DIVISION
T.I.S.
VICE SQUAD
BPD TEAMS
BPD VEHICLE HISTORY
DEPARTMENTAL ACCIDENTS
RESTORED BPD VEHICLES
BALTIMORE RIOTS 1861 & 1968
V.I.P.
MUSEUMS
POLICE INFORMATION
RETIREMENTS
BPD PHONE DIRECTORY
POLICE SHOWS / EVENTS
BALTIMORE POLICE VIDEO
BPD WAR STORIES
POLICE HUMOR
"THE POET"
POLICE WEEK
GOOD SITES TO VISIT
CREDITS
CONTACT BILL HACKLEY
FOP
NYPD / NYFD TRIBUTE 9-11-2001
COP'S HOLIDAY SEASON
POLICE ITEMS 4-SALE

 

Motto of the Department

Established in 1888

"EVER ON THE WATCH"

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COURTESY OFFICER JAMES McCARTIN

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COURTESY OFFICER JAMES McCARTIN

Baltimore Police Marshal Robert D. Carter

1914-1921

The last Marshal of Baltimore City

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COURTESY SERGEANT NICK CAPRINOLO

SWD baseball team,sometime in the 1930's. The second person from the right sitting on the bench is Officer Fred Block.
After leaving the SWD he went to Motors, where he was shot and served the rest of his time doing desk work. He may have been promoted to the rank of Sergeant

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1936

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COURTESY OFFICER JAMES McCARTIN

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Patrolman Mike Malinofski Was Slain on Quiet Halloween Night;

Body Discovered in Street by Milkman...

Police work isn't all parades, pavement pounding and helping old ladies and little children across busy streets.

It's a grimly serious business sometimes. Every man who wears a police uniform has to be ready to face sudden death any minute and depend on his wits, his muscle and his gun to get him out alive. In a series, of which the following story is the first, the Baltimore Sunday American present tales from the Baltimore Police Department's recent files of policemen who went to their death in performance of their duty.

By CLINTON H. JOHNSON December 19, 1936

So far as Patrolman "Mike" Malinofski was concerned it had been a pretty quiet Halloween.

For that matter, not much of anything ever did happen out there on his post in Howard Park, so this 1935 Halloween wasn't unusual. Sometimes he'd grumble about it around the Northwestern District station; mutter that the boys, in closer to town got all the action while he spent his nights trying well-locked doors.

When he would come home after his all-night tour of duty, his wife Mrs. Gladys Malinofski would try to find out what had happened. What had he seen ? Had there been any accidents? Any fires? Any burglars to chase?

He used to chuckle at her persistence, assure her that she hadn't missed anything by not being with him during those long, cold hours between midnight and dawn, riding the deserted streets of Howard Park in his little roadster.

Parting Warning

So Halloween hadn't been any different from the other nights. Maybe he felt the loneliness a little more because, when he went on duty at midnight, he'd just come from a happy family party at his brother's home. As he left someone called a parting warning: "Take care of yourself " He remembered that some five hours later as he pulled his car up beside a row of stores at Gwynn Oak and Maine avenues and jumped out to try the doors.

Take care of himself ? Huh., What did they think, anyway? All he had to worry about out here in the sticks was getting enough action to keep warm. Mechanically he switched on his flashlight, turned down beside the row of store fronts, rattled their door handles with brisk efficiency, rounded the corner and started for the back doors.

He was sprawled in the street when the milkman found him. One outstretched hand gripped his flashlight. It was still lighted. The beam frightened the milkman's horse.

The faint light of a distant street lamp glinted dully on the still figure's black puttees.

SUMMONS AID

The milkman looked once, then ran toward an all-night filling station in the next block. A police radio car had just pulled in for some air when the milkman pounded up. The car swung out again. The milkman jumped aboard.

Patrolmen Charles Heims and Louis Mohr lost no time when they got to “Mike" his real name was Arthur Malinofski, no one seems to know who started calling him "Mike." Heims took him to the West Baltimore General Hospital.

Mohr stayed to question anybody he could find.

Heims wild ride to the hospital was in vain, Mike, the doctor said, probably had died instantly. He had been shot in the side and through the heart.

A half dozen residents had heard the shots. Five, everybody agreed; two, then a pause, then three more. Some thought they had heard running footsteps, heard a car door slam, heard a car drive off.

5 Empty Shells

Near the slain policeman's car the police found five empty shells from a .32 caliber automatic. One of them was on the running board, one was under the car, the rest nearby.

Malinofski's gun holster hadn't even been unsnapped when they found him. Out there in the sticks, where nothing ever happened, Death had leaped at him out of the darkness so quickly he couldn't make a move to defend himself.

The Malinfoski murder is on the “open” files at Police Headquarters. That meant they haven’t found who killed him. But it does mean they won’t.

For if there’s one thing the police hate to do, it’s admit defeat on a case where one of their own men is involved.

Tough Case

The Malinofski case, however, is a tough one. Detectives Jim Manning, Bill Feehley, Mike Cooney and George Mintiens, who still have charge of it, admit that readily.

There are three kinds of murder cases, those where you know the killer and can prove it; those where you know the killer, and can't prove it, and those where you simply don't know who did it or why. "Mike" Malinofski's murder comes in the latter class.

There were suspects questioned, but none held more than a, day or two. There were all sorts promising "angles" but they all collapsed on investigation.

Even within the last few weeks Detectives Manning and Feehley worked out a "hot" tip until it turned stone cold on them.

But they're ready to work the next, when it comes. They're determined to get the man who got "Mike" Malinofski.

They’ll take him peaceably, of course, if they can. But. They rather hope he'll try to fight:.

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Officer Blank Gave Life

Facing Bandit's Gun In Attempted Robbery

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COURTESY OFFICER JAMES McCARTIN

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WHERE PATROLMAN JOHN BLANK WAS KILLED BY BANDITS Two fled at his approach, but the third caught him by surprise, dropped him before he could shoot.

Records of Police Department Tell of Bravery

About every ten months, on an average, a Baltimore policeman loses his life in performance of his duty. Some have died with their guns blazing.

Some have been shot down before they could lift a hand to defend themselves. Following is the second in a series of stories from the Baltimore Police Department's most recent files concerning members of the force killed in action

By CLINTON H. JOHNSON December 26, 1936

Something about the shop didn't look right, but for a moment Patrolman John Blank couldn't figure out just what it was.

Then it dawned on him. The light in the office was out. He knew it should be on. The company' safe was in that front office, in full view of the street, and when the last employee departed every night he switched out the desk lights, turned on a single bulb hanging over the safe. Now this, too, was out.

Saw Light

Blank moved close to the windowpane; trying to peer into the darkened office. Then he made his second disturbing discovery. The door to the rear office was closed but there were lights in there.

No one will ever know exactly what John Blank thought the few crowded minutes that followed.

Perhaps he reflected on the bad luck that had to bring him face to face with such a problem in the last few minutes of his 4 P. M. to midnight tour of duty.

He was on his way to the police call box at Harford avenue and Preston street to check out for the night. It was February 11, 1934, and a clear, bitter cold night. This shop in the 1400 block Central avenue was almost the last on his post. A few steps more, a few more door handles to rattle and he would have been ready for the checkout call. Then a cup of coffee somewhere and home to bed. That had been the program. And now this had to happen.

Police Training

If John Blank thought of all those things they stayed in his subconscious mind. The rest of his brain, reacting automatically to long police training, directed his actions along prescribed lines.

A homeward bound youth of the neighborhood was passing. To him Blank muttered a quick order: "Beat it down to the call ,box. You'll find some police there waiting to call in. Tell 'em to get up here quick."

The youth dashed off. Blank hurried around the corner to have a look at the back of the building. It was L-shaped, with a front entrance on Central avenue, a rear entrance on Oliver street.

It was only a moment before Patrolman William Atkinson arrived, a little out of breath. He took a look at the front, figured Blank bad gone to the rear and went around after him. Blank, crouched in the shadows against a wall, told him:

“There's somebody in there all right. Go on back to the front, I'll stick here."

Atkinson turned ran back toward the Central avenue entrance. He hadn't even reached it before he heard two shots. He didn't know, as he turned back again what they meant. But he soon found out.

They meant the end of Patrolman John Blank.

It wasn't hard for Detectives Ben Busky, Bill Feebly and Fred Harbourne to find out later exactly what happened. They heard the story from a taxi-driver, from a casual pedestrian, from three people who, emerging from a bridge game, had been almost directly opposite the shop's rear entrance on Oliver street. Their stories all checked. And this is what happened:

Gun To Gun

Blank had gone a few yards up the narrow alley that runs from Oliver to Hoffman street, hoping to peer in a rear window of the shop. As he did so, two men burst out the rear door, turned east, dashed across the alley mouth, spotted him and without halting, yelled back over their shoulders: "Look out, Mac."

Their warning startled Blank. He swung his gun up, turned, and started for them. As he reached the sidewalk line he met "Mac," face to face, gun to gun. "Mac," it seems, had waited to pick up the burglar tool kit. Blank hadn't counted on a third man. His surprise made him a split-second slow with his trigger finger. That was all "Mac" needed.

One bullet went straight to John Blank's brain. He went down as if he'd been struck by a pile-driver. “Mac" hurdled his body and fled down the alley.

He was only a dim shape in the darkness when Atkinson reached his fallen comrade. Atkinson commandeered a passing cab, circled the block, returned empty-handed, took up the sorry task of sending Blank to a hospital, spreading the alarm, listing the witnesses, making out a report.

Safe Robbed

They found the safe blown open inside the shop, with some $1,100 gone. They found the tool kit, too, about 200 feet up the alley. There weren't any fingerprints worth anything, however, on either.

John Blank’s murder, like that of Patrolman Malinofski, told in last Sunday's American, is an "open" case in the Headquarters files. But there's a subtle difference in the way they talk about the two cases.

They haven't an idea who killed "Mike." They've got a very good idea who killed Blank. Not a positive identification, of course. It was too dark for the witnesses to tell. John Blank could have told, perhaps, but "Mac" fixed him. .

Still, they have a very good idea who "Mac" was.

There won't be any arrest, though.

For "Mac"-if they are right- is dead, too, He lived about a year longer than John Blank and died, finally, by his own hand.

 

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1937

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COURTESY OFFICER JAMES McCARTIN

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Policeman Must Face Peril As Part of Work and Many Here Have Given Lives On Job

The average citizen can keep himself out of dangerous situations from one year's end to the next if he's reasonably cautious. A policeman, however, can't do that. He's got to be ready to face anything, any time, without dodging. In a series of stories, of which the following is the third, the Baltimore Sunday American is presenting tales from the Baltimore Police Department official records of men who have gone to death performing their duty.

By: CLINTON H. JOHNSON January 2,1937

The thing they all remembered about him afterward was his queer, twisted, sinister smile.

He smiled at the first detective who came to question him smiled while he dressed to go to headquarters for more questioning, smiled as he made his last desperate bid for freedom under the street light in front of the Police Building, was still smiling faintly some 40 hours later when he breathed his last in Mercy Hospital.

They never determined who he was, never established which of a half-dozen aliases was his real name. He had been known, the records showed, as Henry Peterson, John Peterson, Kay Jensen, John Sperling and O. Anderson.

A Killer

Whatever his name, he was a killer. He had tried to kill one policeman in New York, almost succeeded.

He tried to kill four Baltimore detectives, there in front of the Police Building that night of November 19, 1928, succeeded in killing one and wounding two more before the fourth got him with three bullets neatly placed in a line down his spinal column.

The detective he killed was Sergeant Joseph Carroll. Like many a policeman before him, Carroll plunged into battle, without knowing what it was all about, died before he found out.

One minute he was sitting in the police garage swapping stones with Detective John Marts his partner on the night emergency squad. The next minute he was lying sprawled in the Fallsway, his smoking pistol still clenched in his hand, while over his prostrate form the brief, bitter battle raged.

The whole thing started when the night clerk of a small East Baltimore Street hotel telephoned Detective headquarters that a new guest there, registered as O. Anderson answered a description put out by the detectives a few day's earlier as that of a man wanted for trying to kill a New York policeman.

Over to the hotel went Detective Frederick Carroll--no relation to Joseph--to see if the description really fitted. He found the suspect in his underwear, reading a magazine in room.

Always A Smile

Anderson denied he had been in New York, said his name was Pearson, exhibited a Bible to prove it. Always that queer smile lurked on his lips.

Carroll was half persuaded, retired to the lobby to think it over, decided not to give up so easily and returned to the room.

At his request the man dressed, started with him for headquarters. He carried his overcoat on his arm when they left the room, stopped to put it on in the lobby. Back at headquarters Detective Sergeant Elmer O'Grady, time heavy on his hands, watched idly out the Fayette street windows to see whether Carroll would walk his prisoner over. He saw them round the Baltimore street corner, watched their progress to Fayette street. Something made him keep his eye on them as they crossed to the north side of the street.

O'Grady was watching, when the prisoner, with an amazingly quick gesture, whipped a gun from his overcoat pocket, whirled on Carroll and jammed the pistol into the detective's stomach.

O'Grady saw Carroll's hands start up in submission, then swing into action, saw the two men grapple.

Rush To Aid

O'Grady went into action himself. He jabbed the alarm button on his desk and when Joe Carroll answered from the basement emergency room phone O'Grady yelled: "Holdup Right in front of the building."

Then O'Grady snatching his own gun up, was off down the stairs, three at a jump. He hit the street from the Fayette door as Marts and Joe Carroll in a police car skidded into the Fallsway from the Lexington side. O'Grady jumped behind the prisoner, jammed his gun in the ,man's back and commanded: "Stick 'em up Police."

But. the prisoner didn't stick 'em up. Instead he jumped sideways and started shooting. He had already creased Fred Carroll's skull, with one bullet. Now he flung a shot at O'Grady, dropped him with a bullet in the leg, whirled to meet the challenge from the occupants of the police car.

Guns Blaze

Marts was driving, Joe Carroll consequently was the first out. He charged into the scene, his gun blazing. The cornered gunman fired point-blank, Carroll dropped.

Marts remembered later that the car was still rolling when he fell, recalled that he had to jam on the brakes to keep from driving over his partner’s body.

An instant later it was all over, John Marts is a crack shot and he doesn't like to waste ammunition. The gunman turned back to deal with O'Grady and Fred Carroll.

Marts squirmed out from under the wheel, halted on the running board for a split-second aim, then pounded the gunman down with three bullets as fast as he could pull the trigger.

Uniformed police were pouring out of the building by that time. They got the two Carrolls and O'Grady into machines, grudgingly picked up the fallen killer and took him along.

Dead In Hour

Joe Carroll died in an hour. Fred Carroll and O'Grady recovered. The gunman lived 40 hours, long enough to dictate a statement admitting he shot deliberately, knowing he was fighting the law, knowing his only chance depended on his gun. The last thing he said was:

"The only thing is, I am willing to take what's coming to me." He said that when he was dying, when there wasn't any choice. Under the circumstances it wasn't as brave as it sounded.

But how about Joe Carroll? He probably never bothered to think of it that way, but he had said just about the same thing in different words when he took the oath as a policeman.

 

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Murdered In The Performance Of His Duty ....Saga Of  Officer John Block

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Officer John Block

Heroic Policeman Shot, Unaware of Hold-Up

Noticed Car Had Tags From Two States on It

A policeman has no way of knowing when he may find Death staring him in the face.

That's part of his job, however, and he accepts it as such. He has a gun, a club, a flashlight, a whistle and his wits. Sometimes they'll save him, sometimes they won't. They didn't help John Block, hero of the following story, fourth in a series of tales from the Baltimore Police Department's records of officers who have lost their lives in line of duty in recent years.

By CLINTON H. JOHNSON January 9, 1937

Patrolman John Block didn't even know there had been a hold-up. The roadster he used to patrol the Annapolis road out near the Southern city limits wasn't equipped with radio and the job had been pulled off clear across the town at Thirty-ninth and Charles Streets, a scant half hour before. They were still busy at headquarters getting the story from the two bus drivers who had been robbed.

Block, consequently, had no warning of' danger when he pulled up beside the black sedan and got out to question the driver.

He made a mental note of the rear license plate---Florida, 115-345, and walked around to the front of the machine. There was a Kentucky plate, No. 214-352.

Block had been bending over the front headlights. Now he straightened up, suspicion dawning in his mind. He moved toward the driver.

There were two quick shots. Block stumbled backward tugging at his pistol. Then he took one uncertain step forward and dropped. Gears clashed, the car roared off into the darkness.

One of the bus drivers told the police: "There were two men. I don't know where they got on. At the end of the line one of them asked the fare and they dropped' money in the box. Then they pulled guns and told me to hand over everything I had.

I gave 'em the bills. One of ‘em yanked my change carrier oft my belt. One went to another bus parked ahead and brought the driver back to my bus and pushed him inside. They told us: 'Stay in here for five minutes. If you come out sooner it'll be too bad. Then they ran off.

"There was a car up at the corner. They jumped in and drove off without lights." Just then the phone rang and a Southern District officer reported the murder of John Block. About the same time a Central District policeman called in to say he had found a Kentucky tag, No. 214-352, lying on a Pratt street pavement. A taxi driver helped fill in the story. He had picked up two young men in the 600 block North Charles Street. They told him to follow a black sedan that emerged from a nearby alley. The route led to the Annapolis road. A rear tag dropped off the sedan on Pratt street. At the city line traffic light, a police roadster pulled up beside the sedan and a policeman got out. When the light turned green, he said, his passengers ordered him to drive around the halted sedan. A mile farther down the road they made him turn into a side road and wait. In it few minutes the black sedan arrived and his passengers paid him off, entered it, and drove away.

On the way back he passed the scene of the shooting and learned of Block's murder.

Later an Annapolis Road resident told of being awakened by three young men who said their sedan wouldn't run. He drove. them to Annapolis for $5.00.

The sedan was found. Its license plates had been removed but the motor number permitted police to trace the car to Tallahassee, Fla., and discover it belonged to one Kenneth Lewis.

Lewis, they learned, was visiting an aunt in Buckhannon, W.Va. A telegram to the Upshur county sheriff brought rapid action. The sheriff went looking for Lewis, found him at a farm near Buckhannon, told him he was wanted for questioning.

Lewis preceded the sheriff out of the house, walked some 30 feet ahead of him, across the yard, toward the waiting car. Suddenly the fugitive snatched a pistol from his pocket, raised it to his temple and fired. He was dead before the sheriff could reach his side. That occurred on the afternoon of April 26, 1933, just six, days after Block was murdered. Credit for the quick clean-up of that case belongs to Detectives Bob Bradley, Jim Manning, Bill Feehley, Tony Parr and Gilbert Cooney.

Subsequent investigation satisfied them that Lewis was the one who killed Block. They went on looking for the other two, however and finally found one in Florida. He got 18 years for the hold-up. The third man hasn't been found yet.

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COURTESY OF JAMES McCARTIN

STATE of MARYLAND  GIVES HERO'S HONOR TO WIDOW

After Patrolman John Block gave his life in performance of his duty, his widow received a medal commemorating his heroism. The late Governor Ritchie is shown bestowing the medal.

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COURTESY OFFICER JAMES McCARTIN

Command Promotions May 24,1937
Captain Joseph Itzel, Inspector Hamilton Atkinson, Inspector John Mittens, Captain John Cooney
 
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COURTESY OFFICER JAMES McCARTIN

General Charles Gaither

May 31, 1937

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COURTESY OFFICER JAMES McCARTIN

 
 
 
 
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1938

2 Policemen Injured

Wreck Police Car In Chase

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COURTESY OFFICER JAMES McCARTIN

In pursuit of a speeding suspicious car, this police traffic cruiser went out of control, crashed over a curb and into a fire hydrant, and turned over three times before coming to rest upside down on Hillen Road and Thirty-third street. Two patrolmen in the car were hurt.

Suspicious Auto Escapes After Smash Up

October 8, 1938

Two traffic policemen were hurt today when their car, in pursuit of a fleeing automobile, hit a bump at sixty-miles-an-hour, went out of control, jumped a curb, hit a fire hydrant, and turned over three times. The accident occurred near the intersection of Hillen Road and Thirty-third Street, where Patrolmen Fred Dunn and John S. Moore were attempting to overtake a car being driven in a suspicious manner.

BOTH INJURED

Neither patrolman was seriously hurt. Moore was treated for a dislocated shoulder and abrasions at St. Joseph's Hospital and Dunn, the driver, was treated for abrasions by a police department Physician.

Dunn said the pursuit started on Loch Raven boulevard when the driver the car ahead of the traffic cruiser suddenly turned off into a dirt road when he saw the police car.

 

CHASE GAINS SPEED

The police car followed the machine through to Hillen Road, where the speed of the car in front was jumped up to sixty miles an hour and maintained at that rate until the time of the accident. The fleeing car got away after the crash but the patrolmen have its number.

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COURTESY OFFICER JAMES McCARTIN

Officer John Moore and Officer Fred Dunn
October 8, 1938
 

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COURTESY OFFICER JAMES McCARTIN

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COURTESY OFFICER JAMES McCARTIN

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COURTESY OFFICER JAMES McCARTIN

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COURTESY OFFICER JAMES McCARTIN

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COURTESY OFFICER JAMES McCARTIN

October 19, 1938 Officer Joseph Potaka, Officer John R. Reiss, Officer Elmer Stover, Officer Albert Emling

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Unknown traffic officer with whistle in his mouth         December 11, 1938

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COURTESY OFFICER JAMES McCARTIN

Christmas Eve 1939 at Howard & Lexington Sts.

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1939

ASKS 72 POLICE CARS BE REPLACED

Stanton Suggests $21,500 Surplus Salary Account Be Used For This

February 28, 1939

Commissioner Robert F. Stanton wrote the Board of' Estimates today, asking that 21,500 surplus in the Police Department's salary account be applied toward replacement of seventy-two police automobiles.

All the seventy-two cars were bought between 1929 and 1935, and are showing their age, the commissioner said. Some of the older ones, he added, are very much the worse for wear and tear.

Forty-three of the machines are being used for patrol work in the suburban sections and twenty-eight are being used in the radio patrol. Old No. 72 is the Southern district patrol wagon, which has gone more than 200,000 miles in its day.

$100,000 Appropriated

According to Commissioner Stanton, the present police budget appropriates only $100,000 for the maintenance and replacement of equipment. Last year $85,000 was expended for maintenance alone. Since the police rolling stock is no a better this year than last, that same sum or more probably will be required for maintenance, leaving only $15,000 of the $100,000 item for new purchases, the commissioner said.

If the salary surplus is applied to new equipment purchases, continued the commissioner, it should work a saving in maintenance costs.

Commissioner Stanton explained that the $21,500 excess in the salary account represents an accumulation of several years. It was piled up, he said, through the salary difference that results when a veteran patrolman who gets with bonus, about $46 a week, is replaced by a probationer who gets only $35, and also through temporary vacancies in the officers ranks of the force.

Bids on the department's old cars already have been asked and, received from various automotive firms in the city, Commissioner Stanton said. They have offered bids on seventy-one cars, as a whole and on smaller lots. As yet, however, no bid has been put in for the superannuated Black Maria.

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COURTESY OFFICER JAMES McCARTIN

Officer John Schaefer and Edward Wilson
March 4, 1939