  |
 |
 |
 |
|
Carl's Casino Quotes & Commentary
|
 |
|
Home | About Me | Favorite Links | Contact Me
|
 |
|
In the course of human events it becomes inevitable to stand up and take action. Some actions require
the dissemination of information to inform and educate the masses.
The Commonwealth of Massachusetts is at a crossroads. First there was tha Mashpee Wampanoag Middleborough
Resort Casino that has failed under a February US Supreme Court ruling. But they and the Aquinnah Tribe of Martha's Vineyard stubbornly and continually attempt to hit the jackpot vying for
an Indian run casino in Southeastern MA.
MA Governor Deval Patrick and the Democrat led House and Senate leadership have passed a gaming law to bring
3 commercial resort casinos and 1 slot parlor. The battle is continual against such stupidity.
I hope to display and comment upon effectively quotations from various individuals their convictions and
attitudes on this pressing subject. May it educate, inform and entertain you thoroughly.
COMMENTS:
If you would like to leave a comment about a particular post,
please feel free to e-mail me at lakevilleteaparty@yahoo.com, be respectful and sign as how you want to be known and I'll publish your comment. Posting a comment is 100% my
call.
|
|
|
|
Monday, September 22, 2008
Confessions of a Gambling Consultant
"Gamblers like to smoke and drink. You've got three co-dependent bad behaviors that go together.
The joy of playing is that you're focused on the game. All of life's hassles disappear, and the rest of the world stops for
a little bit." - Harvey Perkins, a senior vice president at Spectrum Gaming, a gambling consulting company in Linwood, N.J.
Take it from the race horse's mouth. If anyone would know what gambling really is, it would be
a consultant for the gambling industry. The self confessed gambler and smoker, Harvey Perkins, knows. You are
delusional, if you are a gambler, like he. And, Gov. Deval Patrick wants a delusional person writing a study on how great it would be to have a three casinos in Massachusetts? Also stated in this article:
"But once you have to get up for the desire to have a cigarette, that's it, you're leaving the
zone. You're pulled back into reality. And it's easy to walk away."
This whole debate comes from the theory that Illinois gambling revenue is down because of the the new
smoking ban just taken place. It is possible, though as explained by some, it is the economy, stupid. Either way,
the addictive behavior of gambling takes a person out of reality. What a way to live your life? Throw your life
away at a casino and nail it shut with coffin nails. Congratulations Mr. Perkins for making a living out of your own
destructive behaviors. And, you want to spread the delusion away from reality to here. No thank you, Mr. Perkins.
We don't need no stink'n casinos. Stay in reality and you're cured, safe and secure.
2:30 pm est
Wednesday, September 17, 2008
Lipstick On A Pig Casino
"These actions stem from failed regulation, reckless management, and a casino culture on Wall
Street that has crippled one of the most important companies in America." US Senator John McCain, Presidential
Candidate
Is it any wonder that what is happening this week in the stock market is comparable to casinos. Is it any wonder that casnio stocks are taking some of the biggest tumbles. Bad investments all around. Too many view the stock market as a high stakes, high return money maker instead of an investment (shared ownership)
in growing vibrant companies with predictable returns. Play the market like Lehman Brothers played with mortgage financing
bubble and you lose. Hope of casino revenues to solve state or town fiscal mismanagement and you lose. Hope
on walking into a casino with more money than you walked out with is a fools gamble. You lose. The stock market
is supposed to be an investment. Monopoly is a game. Casinos is gambling. Failed regulation, reckless management
and an addictive casino culture cripples people, families and communities.
___________________________________________________________
COMMENTS:
I always love your blogs. The quotes you post are pure gold and your commentaries are
priceless! Your right, and John McCain is right....the stock market is an investement in our future, not only a personal one but
a national one and it is not a game. This entire Country is in a financal mess and reckless investing or relying on
casino revenue will not fix the problem.
Great blog!
Anonymous said:
Great Analogy!
The promise of fabulous returns for a pittance is too inviting for most who don't understand
the 'fundamentals.' Subprime mortgages allowed many to be seduced by the no money down, interest only, ARMs,
no documentation creative mortgage schemes that swelled the balancesheets and cooked the books.
We got homeowners into overvalued homes they couldn't afford and the ranks of the middle class now
homeless are swelling.
Casino gambling, particularly slots, are promoted and devised along the same formula, paying out
small amounts, just enough to convince that the pot of gold is just around
the corner.
Just keep feeding that slot machine and you're sure to strike it rich!!!
2:47 pm est
Thursday, September 11, 2008
Calling Treasurer Tim Cahill and Gov. Deval Patrick
"Gambling is risky, it's stagnant. It's unpredictable and it's not the best way to balance the
budget." - Incoming Florida House Speaker Ray Sansom
Okay boys, lets take a lesson from a state that just recently added gambling to their state revenue
mix. Lottery sales are down in FL. Here is more form this Gainsville Sun editorial:
For years the "enhancement" of public schools, universities and community colleges has rested on the
sale of lottery tickets. But it turns out that the urge to gamble isn't eternal as assumed. Because of stagnant sales, officials
say the state will have $48 million less in enhancement funds this year than anticipated. Ticket sales in
July alone were $21 million less than in the previous July.
Treasurer Tim, take notice. The Mass State Lottery is your baby. Tim tell the gov.
Somebody ought to tell Gov. Devalue this. In his zeal to give property tax payers relief, Devalue would have
the state depend even more on gambling revenues, and not just from the lottery. We tell you, now you go tell him.
Let's impress upon him not to make the same mistake FL has. Let's not bring back Devalue's failed resort casino plans,
ever.
10:12 am est
Tuesday, September 9, 2008
An Exercise In Futility
“Please allow me to articulate several reasons why we believe the immediate commencement of compact
negotiations makes sense,” –
Shawn Hendricks Sr., Chairman of the Tribal Council of the Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe
Please
allow me to articulate several reasons why I and so many others believe the immediate commencement of compact negotiations is premature. In
a continual exercise in futility, the Middleborough BOS is sending a letter of support for negotiations to the governor also. You can read all of the Tribe’s letter here.
“We are gratified by your support for the concept of destination resort gaming as an economic development
tool for Massachusetts. The Tribe wholeheartedly agrees.
We are also gratified by your support for the Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe.”
I would
say that both the governor and the Tribe wholehearted disagree. The Tribe does
not want commercial casinos to compete with their proposed sovereign Indian casino and the governor does not want competition
for his commercial casinos. Just the fact that the Patrick administration has
formally opposed to the Middleborough site to the Department
of the Interior should give you a clue to this. The only benefit for the Tribe
in regards to commercial casinos is the access to class III gambling. Having
carbon copied the speaker of the house Sal DiMasi should be concern for both the Tribe and the governor. He opposes both commercial or Indian casinos. Good luck with
that.
“The Tribe, with the support of its development consultant, has assembled over 500 acres of land
in beautiful and centrally located Middleborough with easy
access to I-495.”
Beautiful
now and completely made gaudy if your world class casino goes in which currently has no easy access to I-495 if you are one
of 30,000 new cars on the road. There are currently only to routes from the 500
plus acres to I-495. RT 105, which is a small, curvy 2 lane road for a couple
of miles until it reaches I-495. There is no commitment from the Tribe to improve
the road which would be a major disruption for commuters and home owners who live along it.
RT 44, on which the land is adjacent to it has this wonderful thing called a rotary just before I-495 that is already
a mess. Planning for a change has been in the works for years. $170 million is a nice chunk of change, but given the way construction costs are, would it ever be enough? Why would the administration commit to a binding amount in the compact with the price
tag expected to rise in the future. Those in the legislature who would have to
actually allocate the funds from the budget would be reluctant to fork over the cash.
As one state rep told me last year, “They can go pound tar!”
“That application (to the BIA for land-into-trust) is proceeding on schedule and we are confident
of an approval in the first or second quarters of 2009. We believe that this
schedule could be expedited with the state support.”
Although
a state/tribal compact signed could reduce time spent by about six months just for writing it up, a major problem in going
at it early is that it is non-binding and can be withdrawn prior to DOI approval. Circumstances
could change prior. Of the compacts I have seen they are very specific in terms
of location, size, $$ amounts etc. The Aquinnah have a compact with the state. Conditions that existed when it was signed have change considerably and render
it useless today.
“Our expectation of a fast track decision is grounded in reality and precedent.”
I label
this under wishful thinking and falsehoods. There is no real precedent here. Their application asks for TWO initial
reservations, which the BIA has called “problematic”. This has NEVER been asked
for before. The Mashpee land does not appear to have issues, but as I will explain further later, Middleborough does. The application is under
the new guidelines for initial reservations. The hurdles for this land are higher
than before, especially the 25 mile limit away from the tribal center, Mashpee. The
land is over 30 miles. Just too far away.
“The BIA has concluded its local scoping hearings in the EIS process…”
This
is false. As stated last week, the EIS has not even been released in draft form. The BIA knows when something is a draft and isn’t going to sign off on anything until
it is a completed EIS. Something Mr. Hendricks has already displayed some confusion. This is going to take months and still requires 2 more public comment periods.
“…the Tribe has submitted extensive documentation prepared by a nationally respected anthropologist
substantiating its cultural and historic ties with the town of Middleborough.”
As “respected”
Ms. Grabowski may be, her analysis is a broad brush of Wampanoag history with sprinkles of Mashpee mixed in. The Mashpee Tribe is only one small portion of Wampanoag history and has weak connections to Middleborough. But even
worse is what Ms. Grabowski leaves out is that one of her own researchers she sights concludes that the land specific to the
Middleborough site was never even Wampanoag territory, let
alone Mashpee. According to Historic Approach
to Titicut, by Maurice Robbins, the 26 Men Purchase of 1661 where the land sits was acquired from the Massachusett
Tribe Sachem Wampatuck. This cuts into any claim of historical ties.
“Most importantly, the BIA has never rejected an application for an initial reservation.”
That
may be so, but as stated above. No tribe has ever asked for two initial reservations. This is purely unique.
“The Tribe has already publicly committed to substantial matters of importance to the citizens
of Massachusetts…”
Verbal
commitments mean nothing, especially when the person who initially made these commitments is the confirmed liar and convicted
rapist, Glenn Marshall. He is still behind the scenes of this project and is
the principal signer of the Tribe’s application. There are those who are still
waiting for promises fulfilled by the Tribe. Until it is in writing and the promises
acted upon, it is all hot air.
“The Tribe is planning for the development of a Class II gaming facility which requires no Commonwealth
approval or payments to the Commonwealth.”
Plan
all you want for your bingo hall. Your investors TCAM LLC have only signed off
for only class III according to documents you provided with the application. What
investment bank will finance a Destination Resort Bingo Hall? Where will the
financing come from since Kerzner & Wolman will only commit to a full fledged casino?
“Nothing prevents the Tribe and the Commonwealth from entering into a Tribal/State compact at this
time even though we acknowledge that final approval will not come until after the land is taken into trust or simultaneously
therewith.”
Like
stated before, it would be meaningless. One thing that IGRA in Section 2710(d)(3)(A) is that it states a compact may go in if “Any tribe
having jurisdiction over tribal lands upon which class III gaming activity is
being conducted, or is to be conducted, shall request…” negotiations for a compact with the state. The definition of “tribal lands” under IGRA is “(A) all lands within the limits of any Indian reservation;
and (B) any lands title to which is either held in trust by the United States
for the benefit of any Indian tribe or held individual or held by any Indian tribe or individual subject to restriction by
the United States against alienation and over which an Indian tribe exercises governmental authority.” The Mashpee have no reservation and no land into trust with in the US. Any compact is no compact according
to the DOI without reservation or Indian governmental jurisdiction. TCAM LLC
owns or has options to purchase the land. The Mashpee Tribe has no such land
ownership in Middleborough.
“We believe that a Mashpee Wampanoag tribal casino can and will produce superior results for Massachusetts, as is being proven every day in Connecticut.”
What
is proven daily in CT is low paying jobs, increased crime, no economic engine, greater burden of school systems and increased
gambling addiction. Any revenues funded to the state go to mitigation that is
woefully inadequate. Thanks for the promise of “superior results.”
“No matter what ultimately happens with the negotiations, please know that it is the Tribe’s intent
to operate America’s most successful casino resort in Middleborough.”
Is this
a threat or a pie in the sky promise? Last look at the plans submitted to the
BIA don’t show a resort casino that would rival Foxwoods or Mohegan Sun. Is the
Tribe changing the plans submitted? We have heard this largest and most successful
bit since the beginning, but the plans don’t back it up. I can only conclude
this as a threat to attempt to scare the governor to talk with the Tribe. Or, they only
down graded the plans for easier BIA approval and community acceptance. It ain’t working. The governor says no and threatening to operate without negotiations hasn’t worked so far for the Kickapoo in Texas, has it.
“We look forward to hearing from you at your earliest convenience.”
You got your answer quicker than you thought. No compact until you have land into trust.
__________________________________________________________________
COMMENTS:
I
can't believe some of the BS I read in that letter!! Thank you for your exceptional analysis! Biting sarcasm was
a bonus! Keep up the great work - it is much appreciated.
Anonymous
said:
Well
done, Mr. Carl! I believe you very simply explained the issues involved with the tribe's letter to Guv.
And you can't beat the Guv's response, blabbity, blabbity, you don't own the land, your BIA app aint
approved. Come back 'n' see me sometime.
What is more alarming is the willingness to accept such sketchy plans that clearly include property
takings. Since property taking requires a 2/3 town meeting vote, that seems pretty important. Since the TMFH failed to gather a 2/3 vote, even
with all of the voting irregularities, that seems pretty important.
If any other developer produced such vague plans, hyped as super duper colossal world's mega-casino,
with the lack of details, they would be labelled some pretty
offensive names. The first that comes to mind is flim-flam.
One wonders at what point the investors will be forthcoming with detailed plans. Has Hell frozen
over yet?
Guv clearly sees the flim-flam on the wall and Carcieri v Kempthorne writ large. There is nothing
to indicate this crowd can be trusted.
1:42 pm est
Friday, September 5, 2008
The Answer Is...
"Until we know the extent to which the Bureau of Indian Affairs approves the Tribe's land-in-trust
application, and the Tribe's jurisdiction over the land located in Middleborough is established, any agreements we might reach
would be purely hypothetical." - Governor Deval Patrick's chief legal counsel, Ben Clements
It appears that the governor is sticking to his guns and feels no need to do something that in essence
would be a waste of time and resources. As long as the land is not placed in trust, a compact is meaningless.
Noted before, it could take well over the tribe's stated time table for the secretary of the DOI to approve the LIT.
Why bind a compact so early and possibly have the surrounding conditions and circumstances change and have the state committed
to a short change in revenue or costly expenditures? I'm glad to see this common sense decision by Gov. Patrick.
In the alternate universe of the casino friends, they are glum.
___________________________________________________________
COMMENTS:
Anonymous said:
And I'm glad to see the Governor begin to deal with reallity. What a shame the Middleboro Bored didn't
do the same. Instead of Mr. Bond's bulldozing, maybe he should have done the same.
There is just no logical reason to begin negotiations
in advance, for land that isn't even owned, while market conditions remain uncertain, and gambling is still illegal, for a
project without final plans, while strong legal challenges still exist, and true monetary impacts remain a mystery.
Unless...
You are the Middleboro Board of Selectman!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Yeah!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Love,
Gladys
7:50 pm est
Thursday, September 4, 2008
Joe: Why Always Me?
MIDDLEBORO —
The Mashpee Wampanoag tribe
says a letter floated yesterday requesting official compact negotiations with the state about a proposed casino was
just a draft, and tribal leaders are now revising it to include a representative of the
town of Middleboro at the bargaining table. - Brockton Enterprise 8/4/2008 (emphasis mine)
Poor Joe "Why is it every time I do a story on the Middleborough,
casino things change overnight?" Shortsleeve of WBZ Ch4. This is the second time he has produced a news story on the
Mashpee Tribe wanting to conduct negotiations with the Patrick administration and it turns out not to be as correct as reported.
I don't necessarily blame Mr. Shortsleeve for these failings. It is the people he is dealing with that bring the whole
story into question. You have a Governor who wants commercial casinos to bring in revenue for the state at the expense
of the poor and you have an Indian tribe with foreign investors wanting to line their pockets at the expense of the poor.
Both will say anything to push their casino agenda.
Poor Joe does a piece Tuesday which is interesting to watch. If you watch the video version, it is amusing to see Mr. Hendricks eyeing Joe to get
the camera over to watch him sign the letter to the governor that DOES NOT include any Middleborough representation.
He was supposed to "hand deliver" it yesterday, but then came the complaints of Adam Bond same day, as I posted yesterday.
Now all of a sudden, this letter was only "a draft". Please, Shawn, cut the crap. You might be able to placate
some of the people with that act of yours, but not all the people. You mean to tell me you went on regional television
only to sign a draft letter to give to the governor? At the Bingo Hall ground breaking are you going to bring
a Tonka truck? I doubt you had any real intention to include Middleborough. You got caught and now you are back pedaling.
Instead of saying that you were wrong and made a mistake, you decided to cover up instead.
Note to Joe Shortsleeve: Think twice before interviewing
these cast of characters again. You are better than that.
_________________________________________________________
COMMENTS:
Anonymous said:
Nice job, Carl.
It always seems as if Joe Shortsleeve is so anxious to get his EXCLUSIVE STORY, that he overlooks
the facts, the law, the pending Supreme Court case (Carcieri v Kempthorne),
the changes in regulations, the BIA process and reality. You didn't hear him raise a single one of
those issues. Instead, he referenced a comment by the Governor from last June. Wasn't that before CFO pointed out the reality
of the issue to the Governor and the media?
The only issue Joe seemed capable of raising was the slot revenue to the state. Doesn't Rhode Island get 50%? Joe needs to read your blogs before drinking the KoolAid.
And Joe, you need to wipe the egg off your face. That's the problem with the media these
days. Short(sleeve) on facts! Casino Facts, that is.
As a regular viewer, Joe, you need to get with the Casino Facts
and do your homework before recording a photo op for Shawn
Hendricks.
At least the Governor has finally caught on. Maybe he'll even meet with the Regional Task Force one day. After all, they only represent a significant voting block.
9:31 am est
Wednesday, September 3, 2008
Tears In His Coffee
A: To come home to roost.
It appears that the Mashpee Tribe is pulling a fast one on the town of Middleboro, again. And
guess who has taken notice. Yes, you guessed it, Middleborough selectman chair Adam Bond. He's complaining on
his Coffee Shop Talk Blog about being left out of the process. Gee, what comes around, goes around. Middleborough residents get the shaft
when asked to thoroughly review the Inter-Governmental Agreement. Neighboring towns are told they are not invited to
the wedding. Now the tribe avoids giving consideration to the town they signed the IGA with and goes to Governor Patrick alone for compact negotiations. A bride left alone crying at the alter. I have to say, "I told you so." We knew this was going to happen. I remember hear, though I forget where, that the tribe said if Middleborough wanted more money, "they" would need
to go to the state and lobby for funds like all the other communities for compact negotiation funds. They have already
been promised their "fair" share. I don't know if Mr. Bond has a leg to stand on, even if the regs or the IGA say
he is right to be part of the negotiations. What is he going to do? Sue the tribe with money bags Kerzner &
Wolman backing them up. Somehow, I believe that Mr. Bond will get a phone call of reassurance from Shawn Hendricks and
all will be fine and dandy.
And this just in. As predicted, Shawn and Adam kiss and make up. All it takes is a little casino Kool-Aid to wash the tears away.
3:23 pm est
Pushing Rope
"We'd like to start the negotiations and get the ball rolling, yesterday in an interview.
I see no reason why the state wouldn't sit and talk with us." - Mashpee tribal chairman Shawn W. Hendricks Sr.
Pushing rope is not a very productive exercise, unless you have someone on the other end pulling for
you. That is what the tribe is looking for. Someone to pull their casino rope for them to move things along. As
reported here, here, here and here, the tribe is hand delivering a letter to the governor to start negotiations to help move their stalled casino plans for
Middleborough. Although one of their spokespersons, Gayle Andrews, states that the tribe's application to put the land
into federal trust is in the "final stages", it is apparent they are misleading the press and the public. My friend
Carver Chick gives a great overview on how hard it is going to be for the tribe to accomplish their goal. But, the time line to start construction
by 1st quarter of 2009 is just pie in the sky. Let's see,
- It took 5 months from recognition to application.
- 7 months to the first public BIA hearing.
- It has been 6 months and counting for the second hearing for the draft EIS with a
30 day comment period.
- Then the BIA will have to wait for the tribe's consultants to answer all the unanswered questions
the draft EIS didn't give and submit a final EIS with another one month comment period.
- The National Indian Gamnig Commission will give a recommendation.
- The BIA will make a recommendation and finally the Secretary of the DOI will rule Yea or Nay for land
into trust.
- This does not include any law suits that would be filed by concerned groups (including the state)
to halt a ruling that the BIA and the tribe did not meet all the requirements as outlined in IGRA. Which could hold
it up for years.
It has already been 18 months since the process began (1-3) and all of a sudden by their assertions
in just six months from now the shovels will be digging up the wet lands (4-7). It is a scare tactic that still holds
no water. Hendricks wants the governor to pull their rope for them, speeding up the process. If the governor does
what he said before about not going into negotiations until land is in trust (we are talking years now), then Hendricks had
better not hold his breath, because the casino would be a long time coming, even with a compact. Patrick could negotiate
as long as he wants to also scare the gullible populous that a casino is coming regardless, it is still the legislature's
call for final approval. With DiMasi in charge, good luck pushing rope, Shawn. By the way, the governor is opposed to your casino in Middleborough. That is
why the state filed with the DOI against the project. Is that a good enough reason to not talk to you, Shawn.
__________________________________________________________ COMMENTS:
Anonymous said-
You made me dizzy with the bureaucratic delays that
have the potential to get lost on someone's desk or ...
a decision by the Supreme Court that makes this
project moot. The Governor's filing with DOI didn't seem
to leave anything out, including the Chapter land that
provides the Town with the Right of First Refusal.
Did it seem that there was a frenzy of activity and
articles and misinformation that never once quoted
Mr. Bond? Were his feelings were hurt because
no reporter called for his comment and he just needed
to see his name in print again? Wasn't he
the leader of the band? Does the media now believe he's
unimportant?
And let's not forget that the State Reps don't want a
Tribal Casino that's in the wrong location, impacts the
rest of the towns they represent beyond the ability
of the state to mitigate regardless of any compact,
and would further gridlock a region that's already
gridlocked.
The media blitz reminded me of Macbeth. Full of
Sound and Fury, Signifying Nothing.
1:25 pm est
Tuesday, September 2, 2008
Inflation Abounds
No, I am not talking about the economy. Now that the price of gas is going down at least there
is some relief in that area. But when it comes to projected casino revenue. There is never a shortage of inflation.
What happened with Deval Patrick's guestimation and the then "non-independent" Spectrum Group Report is the same story coming from Kansas. Kansa is right now is in full casino lust and right know can't see the forest
for the trees.
"Those willing to slog through hundreds of pages of arcane econometrics and consultant-speak
gobbledygook and graphs will eventually arrive at a not-surprising bottom-line chart that suggests Kansas is unlikely to collect
the estimated $200 million in annual gambling taxes that state officials think they’re going to rake in." - RICK ALM, The Kansas City Star, Final Kansas casino reports reveal no surprises
The concept of inflating revenues appears to be common ailment amongst the governments who would
just love to have casinos to redistribute wealth from hard working Americans and given to casino investors and state coffers.
They have to inflate revenues in order to dupe the public to thinking it is a good thing for them.
Another interesting note comes from the above piece is Mr. Alm's perception of one of the proposed
investors for casinos in Kansas, Leg Sun LLC.
"John R. Mills, a business professor at the University of Nevada,... (is) less comfortable, however,
with Pinnacle and with the Leg Sun LLC partnership that includes Connecticut’s Mohegan Tribe and five investors in Kansas
City-based RED Development, which developed the Legends shopping and entertainment district north of the speedway."
And there is good reason to be uncomfortable. Mohegan Sun, part of Leg Sun LLC, is backed by
none other than Sol Kerzner and Les Wolman through Mohegan Sun. These guys are everywhere and their reputation for making
people and the financial investors uncomfortable follows them where ever they go. Hard luck puts cloud over casino group. It is too bad that the Middleborough Selectman didn't do some reading up on who they were
dealing last year. It was Kerzner & Wolman dealing the cards and obviously Middleborough didn't realize they were
being dealt a hand from the bottom of the deck.
3:38 pm est
|
|
No Deal! No Dice! No Casino!
|
 |
|

|
 |
|
| A PROUD MEMBER OF... |

|
|
|
|